FSnet Sept. 14/06 -- III
Fresh and
risky
Dole sued by
Oregon E. coli victim
FDA warning
on serious foodborne E.coli O157:H7 outbreak: One death and multiple
hospitalizations in several States
Feds warn:
Don't eat fresh bagged spinach: One dead, 50 sickened in nine states, including
Ore.
Three ill as
E.coli hits nursery
Three
confirmed Salmonella cases in Polk
Food safety
under chief's microscope
Four
outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis after consuming raspberries, Sweden,
June-August 2006
Advisory -
Health Canada advises against use of the Ayurvedic medicinal product Jambrulin
due to lead content
Appliance of
science
how to subscribe
Fresh
and risky
14.09.06
Commentary from the Food Safety Network
Douglas Powell and Ben Chapman
www.foodsafety.ksu.edu
Now it's killer spinach.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced this evening that, based
on preliminary epidemiological evidence, bagged fresh spinach may be the common
food in an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 that has left one person dead and at
least 50 others sick in eight states. Of those, 8 individuals have developed a
form of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome. FDA is telling
consumers to not eat bagged fresh spinach at this time.
This is going to be a major outbreak, and not just because of the pain and
suffering, the business losses, the increased consumer skepticism.
For the industry, the timing is terrible, following a nationwide warning to
consumers in early October 2005 against eating certain pre-packaged Dole salad
products because the lettuce had been associated with an outbreak of E. coli
O157:H7 in Minnesota in which at least 18 people fell ill, further ratcheting up
attention on the $2 billion lettuce (and spinach) industry.
And maybe that's a good thing.
On Nov. 4, 2005, Dr. Robert Brackett, director of FDA's Center for Food Safety
and Applied Nutrition, wrote California lettuce producers, packers and shippers,
urging them to re-examine and modify operations from the farm through to
distributors to ensure that consumers were provided with a safe product.
Dr. Brackett's November letter noted that FDA was aware of 18 outbreaks of
foodborne illness since 1995 caused by E. coli O157:H7 for which fresh or
fresh-cut lettuce was implicated as the outbreak vehicle. In one additional
case, fresh-cut spinach was implicated. These 19 outbreaks accounted for 409
reported cases of illness and two deaths.
A subsequent Dateline NBC report on the Dole outbreak spawned a summer of
Internet-amplified warnings about the perils of bagged lettuce, many of them
false, which will now, with the latest outbreak, be recycled as truth.
And last week, FDA officials were in California's Salinas Valley -- the
"Salad Bowl of the World," -- promising increased scrutiny on the
industry.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are good for us; we should eat more. Yet fresh
fruits and vegetables are one of, if not the most, significant source of
foodborne illness today in North America. With an estimated 76 million illness
and 5,000 deaths in the U.S. each and every year from foodborne illness, that's
just too much.
The problem with fresh produce is that the very characteristic that affords
dietary benefit -- fresh -- also affords microbiological risk.
Because they are not cooked, anything that comes into contact with fresh fruits
and vegetables is a possible source of contamination. Is the water used for
irrigation or rinsing clean or is it loaded with pathogens? Do the workers who
collect the produce follow strict hygienic practices such as thorough
handwashing? What happens to that head of lettuce once it gets on to the sorting
line, and then gets chopped up? The possibilities are almost endless.
Even more challenging is that many of these problems must be controlled on the
farm. There are situations where the most ardent washing of produce by consumers
will accomplish … nothing; in some cases, the dangerous bugs can actually
reside within the fresh produce.
Instead of the banal -- and in this case, entirely ineffective -- advice to
thoroughly wash all produce, consumers, restaurants, grocery stores, everyone,
should be asking some difficult but basic questions: what do growers of fresh
lettuce or spinach do to control dangerous microorganisms like E. coli O157:H7?
The U.S. lettuce/leafy greens industry took the first step in doing this,
releasing a comprehensive set of food safety guidelines, from the farm through
to retail, in April, 2006. That's nine years after the FDA first drew attention
to the problem of fresh produce. And even though grower groups will tomorrow
say, "We have these guidelines …" that is not nearly good enough.
For the past decade, numerous on-farm programs have been created and touted, yet
outbreaks associated with produce continue unabated.
Programs mean manuals, checklists and bureaucratic oversight. What's needed is
the data to illustrate where, why and how dangerous bugs get into fresh produce,
and, equally important, people to provide on-going interaction with farmers,
retailers and food service, to compel each individual in the farm-to-fork food
safety system to do whatever is possible to further enhance the safety of fresh
produce.
We have worked with growers of fresh produce for the past 10 years, and know
that any grower can clean up for a once-a-year audit. Given the on-going
outbreaks, growers that want to stay in business, will get some food safety
religion for the other 364 days of the year.
Seattle food safety attorney William Marler, who this evening filed a lawsuit in
the spinach outbreak, recently noted, "Consumers cannot be left as the last
line of defense. Adulterated lettuce (or spinach) should not be making it into
the hands of consumers – or retailers, for that matter – in the first
place."
Dr. Douglas Powell is scientific director of the Food Safety Network at Kansas
State University and Ben Chapman is a PhD student at the University of Guelph.
They are the authors of, most recently, an academic book chapter entitled,
Implementing On-Farm Food Safety Programs in Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation, in
the recently published, Improving the Safety of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=831
dpowell@ksu.edu
Dole
sued by Oregon E. coli victim
14.sep.06
Marler Clark
http://www.marlerclark.com/news/dole-spinach-ecoli.htm
PORTLAND, OR – An E. coli lawsuit was filed against Dole late Thursday in
United States District Court for the District of Oregon. The lawsuit was filed
on behalf of Gwyn Wellborn, a Salem, Oregon woman who became ill with an E. coli
O157:H7 infection after eating Dole brand baby spinach. Ms. Wellborn and her
husband, David, are represented by Marler Clark, the Seattle law firm that has
represented hundreds of victims E. coli outbreaks, including victims of last
fall’s E. coli outbreak traced to Dole brand lettuce.
The lawsuit alleges that Mrs. Wellborn purchased Dole brand baby spinach on
August 21, 2006 and consumed the spinach in salads over several days during the
week of August 21 through August 25. Ms. Wellborn became ill with symptoms of E.
coli O157:H7 infection, including diarrhea and stomach cramping, on August 25.
Her symptoms continued to worsen, and Mr. Wellborn took his wife to the
emergency room at Salem Hospital in the early morning hours of August 27. Ms.
Wellborn was treated and released, but was admitted to Salem Hospital after a
second visit to the emergency room at midday on the 27th. She remained
hospitalized at Salem Hospital for six days, and was transferred to Oregon
Health Sciences University (OHSU) in Portland on September 2 after being
diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).* While at OHSU, Ms. Wellborn
required at least four blood transfusions and eight plasmapheresis exchanges.
She was discharged from OHSU on September 8, and continues her recovery at home.
“The FDA and the fresh produce industry have been working to resolve the issue
of E. coli contamination for a number of years,” said William Marler, attorney
for the Wellborns. “It is unfortunate that outbreaks continue to happen and
that consumers continue to be injured as a result.”
BACKGROUND: Marler Clark has extensive experience representing victims of
foodborne illnesses. William Marler represented Brianne Kiner in her $15.6
million settlement with Jack in the Box in 1993. In 1998, Marler Clark resolved
Odwalla Juice E. coli outbreak cases for five families whose children developed
HUS and were severely injured after consuming contaminated apple juice for a
reported $12 million. Mr. Marler recently resolved an HUS case for $11 million.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a frightening illness that even in the best
American medical facilities has a mortality rate of about 5%. About 50% of
patients require dialysis due to kidney failure, 25% experience seizures, and 5%
suffer from diabetes mellitus. The majority of HUS patients requires transfusion
of blood products and develops complications common to the critically ill. Among
survivors of HUS, about five percent will eventually develop end stage kidney
disease, with the resultant need for dialysis or transplantation, and another
five to ten percent experience neurological or pancreatic problems which
significantly impair quality of life.
FDA
warning on serious foodborne E.coli O157:H7 outbreak: One death and multiple
hospitalizations in several States
14.sep.06
U.S FDA Press Release
The U.S. Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) is issuing an alert to consumers
about an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 in multiple states that may be associated
with the consumption of produce. To date, preliminary epidemiological evidence
suggests that bagged fresh spinach may be a possible cause of this outbreak.
Based on the current information, FDA advises that consumers not eat bagged
fresh spinach at this time. Individuals who believe they may have experienced
symptoms of illness after consuming bagged spinach are urged to contact their
health care provider.
"Given the severity of this illness and the seriousness of the outbreak,
FDA believes that a warning to consumers is needed. We are working closely with
the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local
agencies to determine the cause and scope of the problem," said Dr. Robert
Brackett, Director of FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN).
E. coli O157:H7 causes diarrhea, often with bloody stools. Although most healthy
adults can recover completely within a week, some people can develop a form of
kidney failure called Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). HUS is most likely to
occur in young children and the elderly. The condition can lead to serious
kidney damage and even death. To date, 50 cases of illness have been reported to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, including 8 cases of HUS and one
death. At this time, the investigation is ongoing and states that have reported
illnesses to date include: Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah and Wisconsin.
FDA will keep consumers informed of the investigation as more information
becomes available.
Feds
warn: Don't eat fresh bagged spinach: One dead, 50 sickened in nine states,
including Ore.
14.sep.06
The Associated Press and KTVZ.com news sources
http://www.ktvz.com/story.cfm?nav=news&storyID=16636
Federal health officials are warning people not to eat bagged fresh spinach
after an outbreak of E. coli in eight states, including Oregon, has left at
least one person dead and 50 others sick.
The death occurred in Wisconsin. The cases of people getting sick were reported
in Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, New Mexico, Oregon and Utah.
Epidemiologists in the Oregon Department of Human Services and in Wisconsin have
traced the illness to packaged, washed spinach, although they so far have been
unable to identify whether the contamination is confined to a single brand.
DHS epidemiologist Bill Keene was quoted as saying Thursday afternoon, "We
have reports of cases of E. coli O157 illness in Oregon, Idaho, Washington,
Wisconsin, Utah, New Mexico, Connecticut, Indiana and Michigan. Although we have
identified packaged spinach as the source, people have either varying or no
recollection of the brand they purchased."
Keene said that epidemiologists are asking people who have become ill for credit
and cash-register receipts they received when they made the purchase.
"We're now trying to pin down the brand," he said. Although five
persons' illness has been confirmed by the state public health laboratory, he
said, state epidemiologists have received reports of illness in several dozen
people and are working with them as well.
Keene said DHS would name the brand of the contaminated product publicly as soon
as it is identified.
Three
ill as E.coli hits nursery
14.sep.06
BBC News
A two-year-old child has become the second suspected case of E.coli from a
Brighton nursery since it was closed following an outbreak of the bacterium.
The Hilltop Nursery was closed on Friday after a three-year-old caught the
infection and an 18-month-old was treated for a suspected case.
The three-year-old is being treated in hospital. Those suspected of having
E.coli are being cared for at home.
A spokeswoman said the nursery would reopen when it was clear of the bug.
The nursery caters for children of NHS staff working at Brighton General
Hospital and is on the hospital site.
Three
confirmed Salmonella cases in Polk
14.sep.06
Tryon Daily Bulletin (N.C.)
Leah Justice
http://www.tryondailybulletin.com/news/19618.asp
The Rutherford-Polk-McDowell District Health Department has confirmed three
Salmonella cases in Polk County recently.
Helen White, RN, PHN Supervisor at Rutherford-Polk-McDowell District Health
Department, was cited as saying all three cases involve Polk County High School
students but no connection among them has yet been established. Officials are
still in the surveying stage, she said, and have not yet determined where
Salmonella was contracted or if the cases are related.
More cases of Salmonella are possible as other students have reported
experiencing similar symptoms without going to a physician.
White says the health department has worked well with the N.C. Department of
Health and Human Services and the Polk County School system to test and monitor
students. Officials asked students what and where they ate as far back as 72
hours prior to developing symptoms.
White says these are the first confirmed cases of Salmonella this year, and the
number and timing of the cases seems to follow a pattern that has developed in
Polk County over the past several years.
Food
safety under chief's microscope
14.sep.06
The Standard
Caroline Kim
Chinese University of Hong Kong microbiologist Kwan Hoi-shan, who has been
appointed chairman of the newly formed Expert Committee on Food Safety, was
cited as saying Thursday the panel aims to educate the public on "accurate
and appropriate food handling and proper hygiene" and that a recent spate
of food poisoning cases was due to a lack of awareness by the public.
His committee will also look at standards in food handling as well as the
technological advancements in packaging and processing which may be of help to
restaurants.
However, Kwan would not directly comment on the 22 cases of food poisoning in Ma
On Shan which resulted in a restaurant being closed, or the 10 cases in Sham
Shui Po just four days ago.
Four
outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis after consuming raspberries, Sweden,
June-August 2006
14.sep.06
Eurosurveillance Weekly
M Hjertqvist1 (marika.hjertqvist@smi.ki.se), A Johansson2, N Svensson2, PE Åbom3,
C Magnusson 4, M Olsson2, KO Hedlund1, Y Andersson1
1Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
2Department of Communicable Disease Control, Västra Götaland, Sweden
3Department of Communicable Disease Control, Jönköping, Sweden
4Municipality of Gnosjö, Sweden
So far in 2006, in Sweden, there have been four outbreaks of norovirus
gastroenteritis where raspberries were the suspected vehicle of infection. The
first outbreak occurred at the end of June, the second was at the beginning of
August and the third and fourth at the end of August. All the outbreaks occurred
in the south western part of the country. In total, 43 people became ill and all
these people had eaten raspberries as part of various different dishes.
Outbreak 1
On 23 June, a group of 15 people met at a private party, where they ate homemade
cake containing cream and raspberries. One or two days after, 12 people fell ill
with gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool samples from two patients were tested and
found positive for norovirus by PCR.
Outbreak 2
On 2 August, there was a family gathering of 11 people on the west coast of
Sweden. Cheesecake with raspberries was served at the party and was eaten by all
of the guests. The following day, 10 people fell ill with signs and symptoms
typical of norovirus infection. Later, two secondary cases were reported. No
faecal samples were taken, as the patients had already recovered by the time the
outbreak was notified to the authorities. During the outbreak investigation it
was determined that the raspberries in the cheesecake were of the same brand as
in the first outbreak and imported from China.
Outbreak 3
On 24 August a school class with about 30 pupils aged 13 prepared drinks with
raspberries. A mother of one of the children reported that her child had become
ill on 26 or 27 August. The county medical officer carried out a cohort study
and it was discovered that 12 children had been ill. The incubation period was
24-36 hours, the symptoms vomiting, fever, diarrhoea and headache. The duration
of disease was 1-3 days. Faecal samples from two children tested positive for
norovirus by PCR. Leftovers of raspberries in a plastic bag were saved for later
analysis. These raspberries were the same brand as the other outbreaks.
Outbreak 4
On 25 August, a meeting took place with nine participants. The guests ate
baguettes with filling from a catering company and a homemade raspberry parfait
for dessert. Following this meeting, all nine people fell ill. One stool sample
was taken for testing, and this was positive for norovirus. Raspberries were
left over and saved for testing – results are pending. These berries were also
the same brand as in the previous outbreaks.
Conclusion
All of the suspected raspberries in these outbreaks were the same brand, and
from the same distributor in Sweden who imported these from China. Raspberries
were left over in two outbreaks and results of further tests on the raspberries
are pending. On 23 August two batches of raspberries, were withdrawn from the
market.
Outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus from frozen imported
raspberries have been reported from several European countries in recent years
[1,2,3]. Since 2000 in Sweden, there have been 11 outbreaks of gastroenteritis
caused by norovirus where the suspected food has contained raspberries (database
at Smittkyddsinstitutet).
References:
1. Falkenhorst G, Krusell L, Lisby M, Madsen S, Böttiger B, Mølbak K. Imported
frozen raspberries cause a series of norovirus outbreaks in Denmark, 2005. Euro
Surveill 2005;10(9):E050922.2. (http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2005/050922.asp#2)
2. Cotterelle B, Drougard C, Rolland J, Becamel M, Boudon M, Pinede S, Traoré
O, Balay K, Pothier P, Espié E. Outbreak of norovirus infection associated with
the consumption of frozen raspberries, France, March 2005. Euro Surveill
2005;10(4):E050428.1. (http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2005/050428.asp#1)
3. Pönkä A, Maunula L, von Bonsdorff CH, Lyytikäinen O. Outbreak oof
calicivirus gastroenteritis associated with eating frozen raspberries. Euro
Surveill 1999; 4(6): 66-69 (http://www.eurosurveillance.org/em/v04n06/0406-222.asp)
Advisory
- Health Canada advises against use of the Ayurvedic medicinal product Jambrulin
due to lead content
14.sep.06
from a press release
OTTAWA - Health Canada is advising consumers not to use the Ayurvedic medicinal
product Jambrulin because it contains high levels of lead. Consumption of heavy
metals such as lead can pose serious health risks because they may accumulate in
the body's vital organs. Infants, children and pregnant women are most
susceptible to the toxic effects of lead. Ingesting lead can affect nearly every
organ and system in the human body and can cause abdominal pain, anaemia,
changes in blood pressure, negative reproductive effects, weakness,
concentration problems, weight loss, insomnia, dizziness, kidney and brain
damage, and can lead to death. Jambrulin is manufactured by Unjha Pharmacy in
India and comes in tablet form. Its packaging states that the product can be
used to activate the pancreas.
Ayurvedic medicinal products are used in traditional Indian healing practice and
are often imported from India. According to the principles of Ayurvedic
medicine, heavy metals may be used in a detoxified state in these products
because of their reputed therapeutic properties. However, improper manufacturing
processes may result in dangerously high levels of heavy metals in the final
product.
Jambrulin is not authorized for sale in Canada and has not been found on the
Canadian market. However, it is available for sale over the Internet. It may
also have been brought into the country for personal use by travellers. Health
products that have been assessed by Health Canada for safety, efficacy and
quality will either bear an eight-digit Drug Identification Number (DIN), a
Natural Product Number (NPN), or a Homeopathic Drug Number (DIN-HM). Consumers
who have used this product and who are concerned about their health should
contact a health professional for advice. For more information about lead
poisoning, contact the nearest poison control centre. Its number should be in
the first pages of your local phone book. You can also look at the It's Your
Health (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/iyh-vsv/environ/lead-plomb_e.html) fact sheet on
the effects of lead on human health.
Health Canada issued public advisories in June 2006 and March 2005 and a public
warning in July 2005 about the risk of heavy metal toxicity associated with
other Ayurvedic medicinal products.
Some Ayurvedic medicinal products contain high levels of heavy metals (http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2006/2006_46_e.html)
Some Ayurvedic medicinal products reported to contain high levels of heavy
metals (http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2005/2005_09_e.html)
Health Canada warns consumers not to use certain Ayurvedic medicinal products
(http://hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/2005/2005_80_e.html) Consumers
who find any of the products listed in these advisories on the Canadian market
are asked to contact the Health Products and Food Branch Inspectorate at
1-800-267-9675.
No adverse reactions associated with Jambrulin have been reported to Health
Canada.
Consumers requiring more information about this advisory can contact the Health
Canada public inquiries line at (613) 957-2991, or toll free at 1-866-225-0709.
To report a suspected adverse reaction to this or any other health
product, please contact the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program
(CADRMP) of Health Canada by one of the following methods:
Telephone: 1-866-234-2345
Facsimile: 1-866-678-6789
CADRMP
Marketed Health Products Directorate
Tunney's Pasture, AL 0701C
Email: cadrmp@hc-sc.gc.ca
The CADRMP adverse reaction reporting form, including a version that can be
completed and submitted online, is located on the MedEffect portal (www.medeffect.gc.ca)
of the Health Canada Web site.
Appliance
of science
14.sep.06
Food Standards Agency (UK)
Food Standards Agency (UK)
http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2006/sep/applianceof
The Food Standards Agency today launched a recruitment campaign for Scientific
Officers based at its London offices.
The new intake of scientists will work in business areas such as nutrition,
chemical safety, food hygiene and enforcement.
Candidates must possess a degree in a science subject and excellent
communication and interpersonal skills. They must be proactive and be able to
manage deadlines and prioritise tasks. In addition, they need to grasp
scientific data and demonstrate problem solving ability.
How to apply
Candidates complete an application form. Those applicants whose skills and
qualifications most closely match requirements will be invited to an assessment
day. A written test, personal presentation, group exercise and interviews then
help identify the strongest candidates.
For an application pack, please call 0845 601 3384, email fsa.so@adecco.co.uk or
visit www.scientific-officers.co.uk
The closing date for completed application forms is 4pm, 5 October 2006.
Science
The Food Standards Agency aims to be trusted as the UK’s most reliable source
of advice and information about food. Priorities include:
Reducing foodborne illnesses by 20% by improving food safety throughout the food
chain
Improving enforcement of food law
Protecting consumers through improved safety and standards
Access to reliable evidence is key to achieving these goals, so the work of
scientists is integral to what the Agency does and says.
Subscribe
You can now subscribe to receive email alerts for job vacancies in the Agency.
Choose from scientific, specialist, or administrative vacancies, or, to receive
alerts for all advertised posts subscribe for all three.
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