AnimalNet Aug. 29/07 -- II

Study confirms human-human spread of bird flu

PENNSYLVANIA: New weapon in war on bird flu: tiny bubbles

AUSTRALIA: Flu in thoroughbred shuts down Randwick

AUSTRALIA: Outbreak sparks calls for probe of breach

NEW ZEALAND: Relief as horse flu danger time passes

VIRGINIA: PETA to grill Smithfield executives, shareholders during annual meeting about company's cruelty to turkeys

COLORADO: USDA dismisses complaints against Aurora Organic Dairy

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Study confirms human-human spread of bird flu
29.aug.07
CTV.ca
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070829/bird_flu_070829/20070829?hub=World
A new analysis has, according to this story, confirmed that bird flu spread from person to person in Indonesia in April, U.S. researchers report in what appears to be a disturbing development for the infectious disease.
Since 2003, H5N1 has infected 322 people and killed 195. Most have been infected directly by birds. But a few clusters of cases have been noted for which no other explanation can be found except person-to-person transmission.
Biostatistician Ira Longini and colleagues at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle looked at two such recent clusters -- one in which eight family members died in Sumatra in 2006, and another in Turkey, in which eight people were infected and four died.
Experts were almost certain the Sumatra cases were human-to-human transmission, but were eager to see more proof. Longini's team claims they have found that proof, reporting in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Using a computerized disease-transmission model that took into account the number of infected cases, the number of people potentially exposed, the viral-incubation period and other parameters, the researchers produced the first statistical confirmation of humans contracting the disease from each other.
The story goes on to say that the cluster likely began with a 37-year-old woman, who had been exposed to dead poultry and chicken feces, the presumed source of infection. She then probably passed the virus to her 10-year-old nephew who then passed it to his father.
The possibility that the boy infected his father was supported by genetic sequencing data. Other person-to-person transmissions in the cluster were backed up with statistical data.
All but one of the flu victims died.
Local health authorities eventually placed more than 50 relatives and close contacts under voluntary quarantine and the infections stopped. But Longini's team does not believe the quarantine did the trick; they believe the virus simply burned out.
Longini was quoted as saying "It went two generations and then just stopped, but it could have gotten out of control. The world really may have dodged a bullet with that one, and the next time, we might not be so lucky."
The researchers now estimate the secondary-attack rate, which is the risk that one person will infect another, is at about 29 per cent. This is similar to what is seen for regular, seasonal influenza A in the United States.
As for the cluster in Turkey, Longini's team could not find statistical evidence of human-to-human transmission.



 

PENNSYLVANIA: New weapon in war on bird flu: tiny bubbles
29.aug.07
MSNBC
Associated Press
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19036479/
MOUNT PLEASANT MILLS, Pa. -- His eyes scan 5,000 ducks quacking and pacing across a barn that, according to this story, is longer than a football field. Jim Skinner knows exactly what he most fears.
Back in November, one of his flocks caught bird flu. He had to kill 2,500 ducks to block any spread, gassing them with carbon dioxide or simply breaking necks by hand.
“It’s the most horrible experience I’ve ever been through,” he was quoted as saying. He also lost $90,000 in business and came “this close” — his fingers form a pincer — to going under.
Under industry and government rules, flocks infected with the strongest strains are put to death as quickly as possible. That’s because if the disease spreads, it imperils both farms and foods they raise. Some strains can also sicken and kill The story goes on to say that the industry prefers the term “depopulate,” but no euphemism softens the raw reality of putting down birds by the tens of thousands. This may be done by electrocuting, gassing or chopping under international standards.
Yet, in a virulent outbreak, even these may be too slow and spare too many.
So representatives of industry, academia and government have been looking for another way.
For three years, they’ve investigated the fastest, cheapest and, they say, most humane way to dispatch birds en masse. After debating and field-testing, they say they’ve found an answer in an unlikely place.
The new poultry-killing instrument of choice is foam.
These soapy air bubbles, adapted from what firefighters use to smother blazes, can smother birds within several minutes, with minimal contact between workers and infection. Supporters say this method saves precious hours and costly labor.



 

AUSTRALIA: Flu in thoroughbred shuts down Randwick
30.aug.07
Sydney Morning Herald
Craig Young, Brian Robins and John Schell
http://www.smh.com.au/news/horseracing/flu-shuts-down-randwick/2007/08/29/1188067189345.html
THE NSW racing industry was, according to this story, in meltdown last night after news a thoroughbred had returned a positive test to equine influenza.
A galloper from the Randwick stable of Anthony Cummings returned the positive sample and a second test was sent to a laboratory in Geelong late last night to confirm the initial report.
"This is an absolute disaster," the chief executive of Racing NSW, Peter V'Landys, was quoted as saying. "This is the news Australian racing did not want to hear: we can only pray the second sample returns a negative.
"I have ordered Randwick racecourse be shut down completely tomorrow, with all horses confined to their stables."
The news throws into doubt the latest plan to prop up the fortunes of now paralysed racing and gambling industries.
Earlier yesterday, a plan had been floated to let races take place at Randwick, where horses are confined to stables, with the crowds and bookmakers at Canterbury, betting and watching proceedings on the big screen.



 

AUSTRALIA: Outbreak sparks calls for probe of breach
30.aug.07
Associated Press
As Australian officials demanded a probe of biosecurity failures which led to an outbreak of equine influenza, New Zealand counterparts, according to this story, expressed confidence border controls had kept the disease at bay.
New South Wales agriculture minister Ian Macdonald renewed his call yesterday for a public inquiry into how equine influenza reached Australia. The disease, which has now been located in at least 73 properties in New South Wales and others in Queensland, has shut down the Australian racing industry and led to bans on horse movements within those states.
Macdonald was quoted as saying
"It's important we find how this breach occurred ... because we could have other diseases that could get in here that have massive consequences upon our population and our agricultural industries."



 

NEW ZEALAND: Relief as horse flu danger time passes
30.aug.07
New Zealand Herald
http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10460603
Equine authorities in this country are, according to this story, starting to breathe a sigh of relief as Australia battles to contain an equine influenza (EI) outbreak.
Veterinary staff have taken samples from horses at properties that have hosted horses from Australia in recent days but no obvious signs of the virus have been discovered.
John O'Flaherty, from the Equine Health Association's management committee, was cited as saying yesterday the danger period appeared to have passed in New Zealand.
Dr O'Flaherty was cited as disagreeing with a school of thought that Australia was likely to lose the race to contain the virus, therefore New Zealand should implement a vaccine programme over the next six weeks and open the borders.
He said New Zealand's biosecurity measures were tight and prevention at the border should be the main aim at the moment.



 

VIRGINIA: PETA to grill Smithfield executives, shareholders during annual meeting about company's cruelty to turkeys
28.aug.07
From a press release
Norfolk, Virginia -- During Smithfield's annual shareholder meeting tomorrow--2 p.m. at the Williamsburg Lodge at 310 S. England St.--a PETA representative will address the company's executives and shareholders about its failure to move the company toward a less cruel method of slaughter called "controlled-atmosphere killing" (CAK). Smithfield recently purchased Butterball, making it the largest turkey producer in the world.
With CAK, the oxygen that birds breathe is slowly replaced with inert, nonpoisonous gasses--such as argon and nitrogen--putting the birds "to sleep" quickly and painlessly. Studies of CAK conclude that in addition to being the least cruel form of poultry slaughter, it results in economic benefits.
PETA--which owns 180 shares of stock in Smithfield--points out that last year, in an Arkansas Butterball slaughterhouse now owned by Smithfield, workers were documented sadistically abusing turkeys. One worker sexually assaulted a bird, another stomped on birds until their heads exploded beneath his feet, and other workers slammed birds into metal poles and threw them against concrete walls--abuses that would not have happened if CAK were used and if workers weren't given access to live birds.
In March, Burger King--the second-largest fast-food chain in the world--announced major animal welfare reforms, including giving purchasing preference to suppliers that use "controlled-atmosphere killing." Other food-industry leaders--such as Safeway--have also moved toward better animal welfare practices.
"The turkeys killed in Smithfield slaughterhouses are abused in ways that would be illegal if dogs or cats were the victims," says PETA Vice President Bruce Friedrich. "Controlled-atmosphere killing will improve Smithfield's products while saving birds from horribly cruel deaths."
For more information, please visit PETA's Web site GoVeg.com.
PETA's statement to Smithfield follows.
Smithfield 2007 Shareholder Meeting Statement
Hello. My name is Matt Prescott, and I have a question regarding Smithfield's animal welfare practices.
Last year, in an Arkansas Butterball slaughterhouse now owned by Smithfield, workers were documented sadistically abusing turkeys. One worker sexually assaulted a bird, another stomped on birds until their heads exploded beneath his feet, and other workers slammed birds into metal poles and threw them against concrete walls. All this is documented on the Web site ButterballCruelty.com. This abuse only happened because the slaughter process used in that facility gave workers access to live birds. That same process is used in every Smithfield turkey slaughterhouse. It's called electric immobilization, and it results in both animal welfare and economic problems:
Birds suffer broken bones, bruising, and hemorrhaging when they are dumped and shackled, which lowers product quality and yield. They also peck and scratch at each other, which increases contamination.
Birds are often scalded to death in defeathering tanks, further decreasing yield. When this happens, they defecate in the tanks, further increasing product contamination.
Frenzied birds flap and kick workers and vomit and defecate on them, increasing worker injuries and illness and creating poor overall ergonomics. This leads to higher company payout and an extremely high turnover rate.
Because frustrated workers handle live birds, they often abuse the animals, as we found at the Butterball plant in Arkansas.
There is a better process called controlled-atmosphere killing, or CAK, which is USDA-approved and improves product quality and yield, working conditions, and animal welfare:
With CAK, birds are placed in chambers while they are still in their transport crates. Their oxygen is replaced with inert gasses or low levels of carbon dioxide, efficiently and gently putting them "to sleep."
Because workers only handle birds once they are dead, ergonomics improve, injury and illness rates for workers decrease, and the opportunities for workers to abuse live birds are eliminated.
Because there is no live dumping, live shackling, or live scalding, product quality and yield--and animal welfare--are greatly improved and rates of contamination are decreased. The manager of a CAK turkey slaughterhouse in Ohio said that since switching to CAK, his company is already seeing improvements in product yield, working conditions, and meat quality. This means that if Smithfield switched to CAK, it would be able to produce better quality products at a lower cost and improve working conditions.
The industry is taking notice of CAK. In the last year, there has been a 500 percent increase in the number of CAK facilities in North America. Burger King recently issued a statement to its suppliers saying that it will give purchasing preference to those that switch to CAK, and Wendy's has made a similar statement. However, Smithfield hasn't made any noticeable movement toward CAK. Smithfield has said that it is evaluating CAK, but considering the benefits of CAK, that doesn't seem sufficient. Smithfield has also said that studies may be inconclusive--but keep in mind that the company can't point to a single study that concludes that CAK isn't better than current methods.
My question is this: Since it's impossible to ensure the welfare of birds with Smithfield's current system, which results in economic loss, and since CAK has been proved to be a better method, what are Smithfield's plans for switching to CAK?



 

COLORADO: USDA dismisses complaints against Aurora Organic Dairy
29.aug.07
From a press release
Aurora Organic Dairy, a leading provider of high- quality organic milk and butter, today announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture has dismissed the complaints against the company, following an extensive review.
Under the agreement with USDA, the company will amend the farm plan for its Platteville, Colo., location to reflect the company's existing transformation plans, and inform USDA of its progress. The agreement also affirmed the validity of each of Aurora Organic Dairy's current certifications under the National Organic Program.
"We are very pleased with both the dismissal and the valuable input from USDA. This result allows us to accelerate the transformation of our Platteville organic dairy farm," said Mark Retzloff, president and chief organic officer of Aurora Organic Dairy. "Through cooperation with the USDA at all levels, we will remain focused on our mission of making high-quality organic milk and butter more affordable and available for American families."
Aurora Organic Dairy also confirmed the outline of its re-development plan for the Platteville dairy facility, which is now underway. The company's plan for the Platteville farm includes a substantial increase in the amount of organic pasture acreage, to approximately 400 acres, and a significant decrease in the size of the farm's organic dairy herd, to about 1,250 milking cows. About three-fourths of the farm's existing buildings and paddocks are being razed and converted to pasture. In addition, all incoming and replacement animals will be organically-born. The Platteville facility also will become a focal point for Aurora Organic's ongoing research and teaching relationships with leading universities and institutions, with increased support from the company for organic dairy research and education.
"When Aurora Organic Dairy was established in 2003, we began work at the Platteville farm with a vision of bringing organic dairying to Colorado through organic conversion of an existing dairy," said Dr. Juan Velez, M.V., M.S., D.A. C.T., large-animal veterinarian and vice president of farm operations for Aurora Organic Dairy. "Our long-term goal is an organic farming system that exceeds NOP requirements with innovative, pasture-based farms where all incoming animals are organic-born." Dr. Velez added, "We share a vision with many in the organic dairy community that farms should raise their own organic animals from birth."
"Colorado is home to many of America's finest organic farms and companies," said the Honorable John Stulp, Colorado Commissioner of Agriculture. "We're proud of the positive role companies like Aurora Organic Dairy have taken to build organic agriculture in our state, as well as the positive impact on our agricultural economy." The Colorado Department of Agriculture is the organic certifier for Aurora Organic Dairy's Colorado farms.
"We currently certify Aurora Organic Dairy's milk processing plant in Colorado and all of its Texas facilities," said David Abney, vice president of the United States' largest organic certifier, Quality Assurance International. "Aurora Organic Dairy has maintained an unbroken certification record with us, and all facilities certified by QAI meet every provision of the National Organic Program."
"I am personally committed to the principles and success of organic agriculture and to the conversion of land to organic practices," said Retzloff. "In addition to our pasture-based farm programs, we are actively involved in the research and promotion of sustainable organic systems with leading institutions and universities. We look forward to sharing more about these initiatives with the organic community in the near future."
About Aurora Organic Dairy
Aurora Organic Dairy's mission is making high-quality organic milk and butter more affordable and available for American families. The company is a leading producer of private-label and store-brand organic milk and butter. The organic production company includes headquarters offices in Boulder, Colo., and an organic dairy farm and on-farm organic dairy processing plant near Platteville, Colo. A second organic dairy near Dublin, Texas, comprises 2,800 acres of pasture, croplands, and milking facilities. A third organic farm, High Plains Organic Dairy, near Kersey, Colo., began organic milk production in fall 2006. Aurora Organic Dairy's newest organic dairy farm, Coldwater West, near Stratford, Texas, began organic milk production in summer 2007. For more information, visit www.auroraorganic.com.
 



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