AnimalNet March 11/04
Inspectors
missed bird flu at B.C. hatchery year before chickens died: expert
Commission
suspends EU poultry imports from Canada after avian influenza outbreak
Bird flu:
Industry group cancels banquet due to outbreak
Bird flu:
affected countries should not restock flocks too quickly: Virus could still be
circulating - strict precautionary measures required
Bird flu
Increased
access for U.S. feeder cattle imports
Canadian
Cattlemen's Association applauds greater harmonization of North American beef
industry
Cattlemen
applaud Canadian decision to allow year-round accessNCBA pushed for
harmonization on anaplasmosis and bluetongue
Announcement:
VIDO Swine Tech Group report now available: Considerations for large group
housing of finishing pigs
Manitoba
will start testing white-tailed deer in the Riding Mountain area for bovine
tuberculosis
Experts
tell media that animal welfare 'key issue' on industry horizon
Implantation
or injectable dosage form new animal drugs: Lincomycin
how to subscribe
Inspectors
missed bird flu at B.C. hatchery year before chickens died: expert
March 10, 2004
CP Wire/Globe and Mail/National Post
VANCOUVER -- Earl Brown, a virology professor at the University of Ottawa, was
cited as saying that if inspectors had bothered to check, they would have found
bird flu smouldering at a rural B.C. hatchery a year before chickens began
dying, and that not stamping the disease out earlier allowed it to mutate,
allowing it to become more deadly, adding, "They should have been able to
detect it for a year, more than likely. In that period of time you can get
movement because people aren't as cautious when chickens aren't dying. You can't
let that go. If that situation is allowed to continue over a period of time,
probably a year, you can count on the fact that you're going to get the
evolution of a high virulence form of the virus."
Dr. Cornelius Kiley, a veterinarian with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency,
was cited as saying that the beginnings of the outbreak that hit an Abbotsford,
B.C., poultry breeder last month could have been missed because avian flu in its
low pathogenic form, which doesn't kill and often doesn't produce symptoms, is
somewhat common among poultry flocks, adding, "It could have gone
unnoticed."
About 16,000 chickens had to be destroyed at Loewen Acres. Five workers fell ill
with mild flu and the eye infection conjunctivitis, but tests showed avian flu
was not to blame.
The stories say that the food-inspection agency moved quickly to stop the flu
from spreading, isolating the farm, but now it is testing a sample from another
nearby breeder where birds are showing a low level of illness.
Three workers at that property were exposed to the infected birds and are being
watched by health authorities. So far no sicknesses have been reported.
Kiley was further cited as saying it's the job of veterinarians working for
farmers to monitor the birds and report any illnesses to the inspection agency,
adding, "That is what occurred. These two farms are very well-run
operations. Poultry veterinary specialists called by the owners were doing their
work properly. Once we became aware of significant mortalities, we already had a
sample in the lab and were testing it."
Brown was further cited as saying that with bird flu mutating and making
surprising jumps to humans in recent years it's time to start taking avian flu
more seriously before birds die by the thousands, and that health risks aside,
avian flu left unchecked has seen the destruction of poultry industries in North
America in the past few years, adding, "If it gets going and spreading into
farms, it's tough to control it. In Virginia two years ago they had to kill five
million birds and in 1983 an outbreak in Pennsylvania got so bad they had to
kill all chickens in three states.''
Lisa Bishop, a spokeswoman for the Chicken Farmers of Canada, was cited as
saying the poultry export business is worth about $125 million a year, adding,
"We've noticed no difference in Canadian consumption. Canadians continue to
take this in stride and understand that chicken is safe to eat if you cook it
properly."
The export business, however, is a concern.
"That is where we are going to be taking a hit," said Bishop. "We
don't know how long the bans are going to be in place. So far the effects have
been fairly minimal, but the longer it goes the bigger the risk."
Commission
suspends EU poultry imports from Canada after avian influenza outbreak
March 11, 2004
European Commission- Press Release
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/04/325|0|RAPID&lg=EN
Following the confirmation of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) outbreak
in British Columbia (Canada), the European Commission adopted the proposal from
EU Health and Consumer Protection Commissioner David Byrne to suspend the import
of live poultry, poultry meat and products, eggs and pet birds from this country
into the European Union (EU) with immediate effect until 6 April. Avian
influenza is a highly contagious poultry disease that can cause severe economic
damage to the poultry industry and can, in exceptional cases, be transmitted to
humans.
On 9 March, the Canadian authorities have confirmed an outbreak of highly
pathogenic avian influenza (AI) in a poultry flock in the State of British
Columbia (Fraser Valley). The detected AI virus strain is different from the
strain currently causing the epidemic in Asia and probably poses inferior public
health risk to the Asian one.
However, in view of the risk of animal disease introduction into the EU,
immediate action is appropriate. The Commission therefore decided to suspend the
imports of live poultry, ratites, farmed and wild feathered game, fresh meat,
meat products, hatching eggs and eggs for human consumption of these species and
birds other than poultry (pet birds) from Canada.
These actions, adopted by the Commission today, enter immediately into force.
They are for the moment applicable until 6 April 2004. In the meantime, the
Canadian authorities should provide the EU with detailed information on the
situation and the measures taken to bring the disease under control. In the
light of the information received in the next days, further appropriate
proportionate measures could be proposed.
The adopted Commission decision and the disease situation in Canada will be
reviewed at the meeting of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal
Health scheduled for 22 March.
The EU is a major importer of hatching eggs from Canada. In 2003, approximately
15 million hatching eggs for a value of € 10.5 million have been imported.
This represents about 1/3 of the total imports of hatching eggs in the EU. In
the same year, approximately 170,000 day old chicks have been imported from
Canada. The import of poultry meat and poultry products from Canada is
negligible (50 tonnes of duck cuts in 2003).
Bird
flu: Industry group cancels banquet due to outbreak
March 11, 2004
Meatingplace.com
Eric Hanson
http://www.meatingplace.com/DailyNews/init.asp?clickthrough=true&ID=11971
The Delmarva Poultry Industry, Inc., an industry trade group, announced the
cancellation of its annual membership banquet in April because of concerns over
bird flu.
Strict biosecurity measures are in place throughout the peninsula, and the group
said poultry industry employees were being discouraged from attending meetings
and gatherings in an effort to stop the disease from spreading.
"While people in the chicken industry look forward to this annual event and
may be disappointed about the cancellation, they are aware that holding the
banquet could create a risk that is just too great," said DPI President Joe
Chisholm in a statement.
The DPI Booster Banquet was scheduled for April 20 in Salisbury, Md., and
normally draws about 1,500 people according to the group.
Bird
flu: affected countries should not restock flocks too quickly: Virus could still
be circulating - strict precautionary measures required
March 11, 2004
FAO Press Release
http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2004/38427/index.html
Rome - Countries affected by the deadly avian influenza virus H5N1 should not
restock their flocks too quickly to avoid the disease flaring up again, FAO
warned today.
Two months after the outbreak of the epidemic some countries are already
planning to declare selected zones disease-free and to restock decimated flocks,
FAO said.
"In the battle against the disease, there are definitely some improvements.
But we fear that the virus may continue to circulate in the environment even
without an outbreak or any clinical signs in animals," said Joseph Domenech,
Chief of the Animal Health Service.
"Appropriate precautionary measures have to be put in place to be
absolutely sure that infected zones are free from infection and will remain
free," he added.
Before restocking, countries must:
prove the absence of virus circulation by virus research, serological surveys
and the use of non-vaccinated susceptible chickens (so-called sentinels) on
infected sites to test if they become infected;
monitor the movement of poultry and contaminated goods to avoid the
reintroduction of the virus from affected areas;
prevent contact between domestic and wild birds;
apply intensive disease surveillance to ensure potential new infections are
discovered immediately.
If countries want to resume exports they have to prove that they are free from
avian influenza. Their status will be verified by independent international
experts.
FAO said that in some countries more information about the spread of the disease
should be made available to the international community.
Bird
flu
March 11, 2004
Associated Press
Uamdao Noikorn
BANGKOK, Thailand -- Authorities were cited as saying Thursday that a new case
of bird flu has been discovered in Thailand, and more than 100 chickens were
found dead in Japan, where initial tests came up negative for the disease.
The story notes that Thailand declared itself free of bird flu on Monday, saying
no active cases had been reported in poultry since Feb. 25. It was not
immediately clear if the government would rescind that announcement or postpone
plans to resume chicken breeding in affected areas next month.
The story adds that the government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra denied
for weeks that bird flu was spreading in the country before acknowledging an
outbreak on Jan 23.
In an attempt to dispel consumer concerns following the outbreak of bird flu,
the Japanese Food Safety Commission issued a report on Thursday stressing the
safety of poultry and eggs.
Chances of poultry and eggs carrying viruses are almost nil as they are
sterilized before shipments, according to the report.
In addition, viruses carried by poultry and eggs are hardly resistant to heat
and acid, and can be readily eliminated in the normal cooking process, the
report said.
Increased
access for U.S. feeder cattle imports
March 10, 2004
From a press release
OTTAWA - The Honourable Bob Speller, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food and
Minister responsible for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), today
announced that the CFIA will be introducing new rules to significantly increase
year-round access for feeder cattle imported from the United States into
Canadian feedlots. Feeder cattle are animals that are finished during a feeding
period before being slaughtered. Effective April 1, 2004, the new rules remove
anaplasmosis and bluetongue testing and treatment requirements from all feeder
cattle imported from the U.S. Bluetongue and anaplasmosis are livestock diseases
found in the U.S., but not in Canada. Neither disease poses any risk to human
health. U.S. feeder cattle from 39 states considered to have a low incidence of
bluetongue will be able to enter Canada directly without testing. Feeder cattle
from the remaining 11 states, which are considered to have a high incidence of
bluetongue, are also not required to be tested, provided they reside for at
least 60 days prior to import in a low incidence state. Testing, however is
still an option and should the feeder cattle be found free of bluetongue, the
60-day period will be waived. Historically, these high incidence states, all of
which are southern, have not exported significant numbers of feeder cattle to
Canada. Canada's classification of bluetongue incidence is based on disease
surveillance data provided by the United Sates Department of Agriculture (USDA).
New scientific information and Canadian controls at feedlots lower the risk of
bluetongue and anaplasmosis spread from imported animals to Canadian livestock
and wildlife. As an added precaution, the new import rules require Canadian
feedlots that import U.S. cattle to maintain risk mitigation measures, which
include segregation of imported feeder cattle from breeding stock,
identification and movement restrictions. "We continuously strive to ensure
that our import policies protect food safety and animal health without being
overly restrictive," said Mr. Speller. "Based on emerging science and
consultation with stakeholders, we have determined that Canada can open its
border to U.S. feeder cattle, providing certain risk mitigation measures are in
place."
"The CFIA will strictly enforce the requirement that imported feeder cattle
are identified and tracked. Looking ahead, Canada will continue to monitor this
and other import controls, making adjustments as required," added Mr.
Speller.
The new import rules stem from extensive consultation with provinces,
territories, industry and other stakeholders. Canada has liberalized its import
policies for U.S. feeder cattle several times over the years. Neil Jahnke,
president of the Canadian Cattlemen's Association (CCA), welcomed the
announcement. "The CCA fully supports this policy revision. Canada's
approach puts in place appropriate measures to mitigate the risk of disease
spread, while acknowledging the integrated nature of the markets north and south
of the border," said Mr. Jahnke.
Recognizing the integration of the Canadian and American livestock industries,
both countries have expressed a commitment to work together toward harmonizing
disease management policies. In this regard, the CFIA and the USDA have already
initiated discussions regarding the recognition of areas of equivalent health
status for brucellosis, tuberculosis, bluetongue, and anaplasmosis that may be
applied against additional categories of cattle and other livestock. Moving
ahead, animal disease experts from Canada and the U.S. will collaborate to
develop coordinated approaches where feasible.
APPENDIX 1
U.S. States Designated High Incidence for Bluetongue
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Florida
- Georgia
- Louisiana
- Mississippi
- Nevada
- South Carolina
- Texas
Canadian
Cattlemen's Association applauds greater harmonization of North American beef
industry
March 10, 2004
From a press release
CALGARY - The Canadian Cattlemen's Association (CCA) is praising the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) announcement of a change in rules that will
further enhance cattle trade between Canada and the United States. The CFIA has
announced that U.S. feeder cattle from 39 states will be permitted to be
imported into approved Canadian feedlots year-round without testing for the
livestock diseases anaplasmosis and bluetongue. The CCA and the U.S. National
Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) have been working together for many years to
achieve this change in Canadian policy. Historically U.S. feeder cattle imported
into Canada during the summer months from all U.S. states had to be tested for
anaplasmosis and bluetongue.
The cost of the tests made these cattle less competitive in the marketplace and
U.S. cattle producers viewed the testing requirements as an artificial trade
barrier not based on science. Anaplasmosis and bluetongue are livestock diseases
and have no impact on human health. These diseases are most commonly found in
warm climates that support the specific insects that act as a vector to spread
the diseases.
"I'm very happy that all CCA and NCBA's hard work on this issue has finally
achieved results," says Neil Jahnke, President of the CCA. "The
testing requirements have been a trade irritant for many years for U.S.
producers and have negatively affected our cross-border relations. I commend
Federal Minister of Agriculture Bob Speller for his leadership on this
issue." "We're urging the U.S. to make its decision to re-open the
border to Canadian live cattle based on science, and Canada needed to show good
faith by adjusting rules to be more science-based as well," says Arno
Doerksen, Chair of the CCA Animal Health Committee. "While we're very happy
with today's announcement, our efforts aren't over. We'll be continuing to work
with our counterparts at NCBA to encourage our respective governments to
continue to harmonize our animal health rules and regulations. This includes
calling for additional harmonization on anaplasmosis and bluetongue on breeding
cattle, and working on our respective policies regarding bovine tuberculosis and
brucellosis as well."
www.cattle.ca
Cattlemen
applaud Canadian decision to allow year-round accessNCBA pushed for
harmonization on anaplasmosis and bluetongue
March 10, 2004
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association
http://www.beef.org/dsp/dsp_content.cfm?locationId=45&contentTypeId=2&contentId=2562
After years of efforts by the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) and
with support from the Canadian Cattlemen’s Association, producer-members are
pleased with Canada’s major step forward in achieving equivalency on animal
health issues. Bob Speller, Canada’s Minister of Agriculture, has declared
that Canada will allow year-round importation of U.S. feeder cattle into Canada
from states in the U.S. that are low or medium risk for bluetongue or
anaplasmosis.
“This is a significant development,” says Kansas cattle producer and NCBA
President Jan Lyons. “It’s an important step forward in ensuring
international trade is based on upon science and fairness. Canada has made this
significant policy shift in recognition of the science and over 10 years of
dialog between U.S. and Canadian cattle producers who have supported this
effort.”
Currently, there are 39 states that are in these categories. Cattle from the 11
higher-risk states may be allowed into Canada if they have resided in a low or
medium risk state for a minimum of 60 days prior to shipment to Canada. Risk
determination is conducted by the USDA.
NCBA will continue to work to expedite the process between the Canadian Ag
Ministry and USDA that would allow for additional year round access for breeding
cattle. This step will require Canada to recognize the states and regions of the
U.S. that have a health status equivalent to Canada. Canadians have assured
their commitment to resolving these equivalency issues. The NCBA expects this to
be resolved in the near future.
“We need to continue our discussions to ensure that breeding cattle can move
freely to Canada from any state or region with an equivalent animal health
status,” says Lyons. “NCBA members are committed to accomplishing this next
step as quickly as possible."
The NCBA continues to make full harmonization with Canada a top priority and
will continue to work with USDA Secretary Ann Veneman and the Canadian
Agriculture Minister to ensure an expedited harmonization process.
"Our ability to work with Canada to harmonize our regulations based upon
scientific facts and a commitment to fair trade gives us renewed hope that we
can also harmonize international regulations relating to BSE," states NCBA
Chief Executive Officer Terry Stokes. “It is imperative we use a science-based
approach to determine animal health standards. There is no science, today, that
supported the requirements that Canada had imposed upon the U.S. cattle
industry."
Announcement:
VIDO Swine Tech Group report now available: Considerations for large group
housing of finishing pigs
March 10, 2004
Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization Release
The full report is available at www.vido.org
Large group housing of grower/finisher pigs has had a tremendous growth in
popularity in recent years due primarily to increases in herd size, available
automation in sorting and positive producer experiences with increasing the size
of groups. Many questions have been asked about facility design and management
of grower/finisher hogs in large groups. This publication was designed by pork
producers, veterinarians, research scientists, extension personnel, and industry
suppliers, to provide a one-stop source of the current information available on
the subject and an evaluation of current knowledge. The goal was to develop a
checklist approach that pork producers and their advisors could use when
evaluating the potential for large group housing on their farm. The document
poses the questions any operator should ask before investing in LGH, and where
available provides answers and the combined experience of the group.
Manitoba
will start testing white-tailed deer in the Riding Mountain area for bovine
tuberculosis
March 10, 2004
Broadcast News
ALTONA, Manitoba -- Manitoba will start testing white-tailed deer in the Riding
Mountain area for bovine tuberculosis.
The move is part of a program to eliminate the disease from wildlife and cattle
in the region.
Wildlife Department spokesman Jack Dubois is director says for the past couple
of years they have focused their efforts on testing elk and cattle.
Dubois says kill permits have been issued to conservation officers and local
land owners.
He says they hope to collect about 247 white tail deer in two weeks, beginning
March 11th.
Dubois says that will give them a sufficient number of samples to determine how
prevalent the disease is in the white tail deer population.
Experts
tell media that animal welfare 'key issue' on industry horizon
March 11, 2004
Meatingplace.com
Dan Murphy
http://www.meatingplace.com/DailyNews/init.asp?clickthrough=true&ID=11971
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Despite the industry's improved recent track record on
animal handling, a panel of experts from industry, media and the veterinary
sciences conceded that significant challenges lie ahead, both in terms of
achieving a better scientific understanding of animal behavior and in
communicating those advances to an often questioning public.
"The entire area of animal welfare involves serious and deep moral
questions that ought to engage everyone who raises or is involved with animal
[production]," said Jonathan Rauch, senior writer for the National Journal
and writer-in-residence for the Brookings Institution, who acted as moderator
for a special animal handling media workshop held Wednesday at the National
Press Club here.
Polarizing, political issue
Debate over food animal welfare is a "polarizing, political issue"
that tends to spark similar ethical controversy and the same "intractable
positioning" as the abortion debate, Rauch said.
Rauch asked the three panelists on a scale of one to 10 how they would rate the
"state of animal welfare" across the U.S. livestock and meat industry.
"I'd say it's about a four," said Adele Douglass, executive director
of Humane Farm Animal Care, which offers a certification and food-labeling
program for producers and processors who pass strict audits on a comprehensive
set of animal production and handling criteria. "There are still issues out
there, such as sow gestation stalls and veal crates that need to be
addressed."
"I would rate it a five," said Gail Golab, a veterinarian and
assistant director of professional and public affairs at the Schaumburg,
Ill.-based American Veterinary Medical Association. "It would be higher, in
my opinion, but there still is a real dearth of scientific research data. When
you're dealing with animals, we have to be careful about making changes that we
'think' might be beneficial to animals, without having the evidence we need to
demonstrate that those changes really make a difference."
Don Butler, director of government relations for Smithfield Foods subsidiary
Murphy-Brown LLC, said he felt that industry's status is "well above a
five. We've made a lot of progress in recent years, and as new technologies and
better research provide industry with additional tools, we can expect further
progress, as well."
Smithfield's achievements
Butler used the media event to make an announcement that all of Smithfield's
East Coast pork production operations had just achieved certification through
the Agriculture Department's "Process Verified" program, based on
extensive USDA-run audits across the company's production and processing
operations.
"We're very proud of this achievement," said Butler, who himself
operates a 7,000-sow weaning-through-feeding operation in North Carolina.
"Our ability to receive this certification is the result of a comprehensive
Animal Welfare Management System put into place at Murphy-Brown facilities. We
drew from the input of our veterinarians, production and transportation managers
and our marketing and public affairs specialists to develop an approach we feel
ensures optimal animal well being."
Butler noted that Murphy-Brown's AWMS program covers verification of genetics,
nutrition regulation, feed quality assurance and quality control, antibiotics
management and requires all facilities to achieve certification at a Level III
of the National Pork Board's Pork Quality Assurance program.
Importantly, he said that all the company's products incorporate "full
traceability," such that Smithfield is "fully prepared" to meet
compliance requirements for the Country of Origin Labeling law, although
implementation was delayed by Congress until September 2006.
"If country of origin was put into place, we'd be ready to go
tomorrow," he said.
Hot-button issues
Butler's presentation sparked some pointed questions from the media, however,
notably on the issues of tail docking and use of gestation stalls in pork
production.
With tail biting, which has become an activist issue because producers perform
tail docking on piglets to forestall biting activity, "the research just
isn't there," Golab admitted. "We really don't have a definitive
explanation of why it happens and how to control it."
Butler agreed, noting that two feeding facilities, side-by-side on the same
site, using the same genetics and management practices, will often have
significantly different rates of tail biting behavior among the pigs.
"We just don't really know why it occurs, and we really don't have an
effective way to curtail it," he said.
Douglass said that her Certified Humane program guidelines do permit tail
docking if done appropriately, because tail biting among penned-in pigs can
cause serious injuries.
But on the question of gestation stalls, she said that pork producers operating
under her organization's imprimatur are required to use group housing during
gestation, although farrowing stalls are used when sows give birth.
"The imagery of a pregnant sow that cannot even turn around [in a
conventional gestation stall] is one that is unacceptable for our program, and
to most consumers as well," she said.
In looking ahead, Rauch concluded the formal presentations by noting that
"if -- and when -- animal welfare issues surface as a mainstream media
concern, it's likely to be covered in a way that the [industry] people in this
room aren't going to like. The media scrutiny usually becomes adversarial."
"But when we digest an issue as a result of intense media coverage, the
debate forces us to think in ways we typically don't," Rauch said.
"Ultimately, that's a good thing, and we are usually better for it."
MEETING EXTRA: Butler told reporters after the workshop that in the wake of the
beef export ban, pork exports -- especially to Asia -- were up significantly.
"That's a big reason that [live] pork prices have gone up," he said.
Dr. Golab noted that although "sound science" is universally
identified as the key driver on animal welfare issues and animal handling policy
development, veterinarians themselves are often but a faint voice in the debate,
"Most veterinarians consider themselves scientists -- not
spokespeople," she said. "We know we need to be heard, but too often
the media wants definitive answers to questions where the science isn't
specific. There just really aren't any issues [in animal production] that are
truly black and white."
Douglass reported that a recent meeting of an OIE advisory committee discussed
the possibility that animal handling standards would eventually be required as
part of trade agreements under the auspices of the World Trade Organization.
"I think it's entirely possible in a few years that we could see animal
handling emerge as a trade issue, with exporters being required to adhere to
international guidelines."
Implantation
or injectable dosage form new animal drugs: Lincomycin
March 11, 2004
Federal Register: (Volume 69, Number 48)
[Page 11506-11507]
[DOCID:fr11mr04-3]
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the animal drug
regulations to reflect approval of an abbreviated new animal drug application (ANADA)
filed by Phoenix Scientific, Inc. The ANADA provides for the use of lincomycin
injectable solution in swine for the treatment of infectious arthritis and
mycoplasma pneumonia. DATES: This rule is effective March 11, 2004. FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT: Lonnie W. Luther, Center for Veterinary Medicine (HFV-104),
Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Pl., Rockville, MD 20855,
301-827-8549, e-mail:
lluther@cvm.fda.gov.
Animalnet is produced by the Food Safety
Network at the University of Guelph, and is supported by Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada, Health Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, AgCare, the
Agricultural Adaptation Council (CanAdapt Program), Canadian Council of Grocery
Distributors, ConAgra Foods Inc., Meat & Livestock Australia, Ontario
Cattlemen's Association, National Pork Board, Canadian Animal Health Institute,
Ontario Pork, Burger King Corporation, Pfizer Animal Health, American Pet
Products Manufacturers Association, Feedlot Health Management Services, National
Food Processors Association, Tactix Government Consulting, Inc., and Global
Public Affairs.
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