Agnet Dec. 8/03
This food is
safe
EU
deadlocked at key GMO vote, ministers to decide
GMO
moratorium holds scientific disagreement over safety of modified sweet corn
EU decision
on biotech sweetcorn set to fuel US anger
Biotech
firms muscle in on rice research
Veil of
secrecy for GE constructs prompts ombudsman appeal
Asian
farmers form regional network
Greenpeace
protests against GM food
Biotech: An
arena for corporate dominance
Rasco:
Banning biotech is undemocratic
A new hope
for heavy metal contaminated soils
Squash leaf
curl virus, Cucurbits, Israel
Grazing
administration--Exclusive of Alaska
how to subscribe
This
food is safe
December 6, 2003
The Globe and Mail
A20
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20031206/SATLETS06-3/TPComment/Letters
Robert Wager of Malaspina University College in Nanaimo, B.C. writes that we
label food in Canada for nutritional content or known allergens. Food produced
by genetic engineering is extensively tested and is the same as other foods in
both of these areas. People who claim otherwise have absolutely no proof to back
up their statements (Canadians Want GM Foods Labelled, Poll Finds -- Dec. 4). So
why create labels that cannot be truthful (there is no way to really know if a
loaf of bread is GM or not) for food that is the same? Why make everyone pay
more for food (a direct result of trying to label GM food content) when there is
absolutely no safety issue? There is not a single proven case of harm from more
than two trillion meals containing GM ingredients. That is safe food.
EU
deadlocked at key GMO vote, ministers to decide
December 8, 2003
Reuters
BRUSSELS - Officials were cited as saying that European Union countries failed
to agree on Monday on allowing imports of a genetically modified (GM) maize
type, a test case for the bloc's five-year unofficial ban on new biotech
products.
The lack of decision on whether to approve the sale of Bt-11 sweetcorn marketed
by Swiss agrochemicals giant Syngenta (SYNZn.VX) means the matter is to be
passed to EU ministers, who will have three months to debate the proposal, put
forward by the European Commission.
If ministers cannot agree, the Commission may rubberstamp its own proposal.
GMO
moratorium holds scientific disagreement over safety of modified sweet corn
December 8, 2003
Friends of the Earth Europe – Press Release
Friends of the Earth has welcomed the decision by European countries not to
break its de facto moratorium on new GMO foods. An EU regulatory committee today
failed to support a proposal by the European Commission to approve a
controversial genetically modified sweet corn. Friends of the Earth described
the decision as a "victory for public safety and common sense".
RESULTS:
Six countries in favour (33 votes) : Spain, UK, Netherlands, Finland,
Sweden, Ireland Three abstained (25 votes): Germany, Belgium, Italy
Six countries against (29 votes): Denmark, Greece, Luxembourg,
Austria, Portugal, France
Friends of the Earth was critical of the European Commission for proposing that
the GM sweet corn, which has been modified to produce its own insecticide and is
also resistant to a herbicide, should be allowed into shops in Europe. In
particular the environmental group was concerned that:
* The new labelling and traceability regulations are still not in place
* The proposal bypasses the new GMO approval process which is more thorough and
includes post-approval monitoring of health effects.
* Serious safety questions have not been fully addressed. These include concerns
about whether the genes had been inserted as expected, criticisms that the
safety conclusions made by Syngenta have not been proven, and questions over
whether the toxin produced by the corn will cause allergies.
Geert Ritsema of Friends of the Earth Europe said:
"There is clearly no scientific consensus over the safety of this modified
sweet corn. The decision not to approve it is a victory for public safety and
common sense.
"The European Commission now has the opportunity to re-think its position.
The public doesn't want to eat GM foods and question marks remain over its
safety. The Commission must put the well-being of European citizens and their
environment before the business interests of the US Government and the biotech
industry."
EU
decision on biotech sweetcorn set to fuel US anger
December 7, 2003
Agence France Presse English
Fabrice Randoux
BRUSSELS - The European Union will Monday, according to this story, vote on
whether to lift a ban on bio-engineered crops, with all the signs pointing to a
"no" decision that is sure to anger the United States.
The story explains that the EU's standing committee for the food chain, which
gathers scientific representatives from the 15 member states, is due to decide
whether to allow the import of a form of genetically modified (GM) sweetcorn,
Bt-11.
If the experts agree to allow Bt-11, that would effectively lift a de-facto
moratorium in place since 1999 against the import and cultivation of GM products
in the EU.
But sources say the committee is deeply split on the issue, against a backdrop
of public disquiet in Europe on the issue of "Frankenfoods".
EU Health Commissioner David Byrne was cited as appealing last week to the
member states and Europe's public to base their perception of food safety on
science rather than fear, adding, "If we fail to make progress, there is a
very real danger that an anti-science agenda may take root in European society
leading to a society hampered and restricted by a collective neurosis."
Biotech
firms muscle in on rice research
December 7, 2003
Agence France Presse English
Byline: by Cecil Morella
LOS BANOS, Philippines - International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) officials
were cited as saying that biotech companies are muscling in on rice research as
donor funds for studies on the crop are dwindling..
Ronald Cantrell, director of the Philippines-based IRRI, founded in 1960 to
conduct cutting-edge research to boost yields and raise pest resistance of
tropical rice varieties, was quoted as saying, "The advent of biotechnology
has caused a spurt in patents on gene products associated with rice."
Held in deep freeze at a laboratory near Manila, IRRI, the story says, holds in
trust for humanity an invaluable gene bank of more than 100,000 rice varieties
and distributes the seeds globally for research on the condition that the users
do not take out patents on them.
Cantrell was cited as saying he was forced to cut staffing by 25 percent last
year after slowing donor funds reduced the IRRI's annual budget to 28 million
dollars this year,, adding, "Obviously we've had a reduction in output. We
can't do as much as we were doing three years ago."
Veil
of secrecy for GE constructs prompts ombudsman appeal
December 7, 2003
GE Free New Zealand – Press Release
www.gefree.org.nz
GE Free New Zealand (in food and environment) is to appeal to the ombudsman
after ERMA - the Environmental Risk Management Authority- refused an Official
Information Act request to identify the gene constructs used in an application
for GE onions.
In a letter rejecting the request ERMA have cited the information would both
'unreasonably prejudice' and 'damage' the commercial position of Seminis Seeds
and Crop and Food.
But GE Free New Zealand is concerned that ERMA have seen fit not to allow this
information to be released in the public interest when international research
has revealed genetic constructs used in commercial crops have fragmented and
recombined.
Instead ERMA are unfairly allowing corporate interests to make the rules and are
keeping hidden information that is vital for independent scientists to
contribute advice.
"We are worried that ERMA are setting a precedent with this veil of secrecy
in the face of alarming new findings of genetic instability", says Jon
Carapiet from GE Free NZ in food and environment.
It is deeply concerning that ERMA will be the only body 'in the know' about gene
constructs to be used in the New Zealand environment in future.
The decision must be appealed to the ombudsman or it will create a situation
where no independent scientific advice or viewpoints will be taken into account.
Since ERMA are a quasi judicial body that cannot be held responsible for their
decisions under the law GE Free New Zealand feel this is wholly unreasonable.
The whole basis of patenting and approving GE organisms is dependent on
specified gene maps, but these are now being found to have changed from the
original after release. The discovery indicates an intrinsic instability that
calls into question the validity of both the science used to develop and approve
the organism and the patents.
Biotech companies know that these crops are unstable and without transparency
and openness from ERMA companies will find it easier to hide the fact.
Once again the promises made by government about the "new improved"
ERMA process are being revealed to be part of a regulatory sham designed to
promote biotech commercial interests over those of the public and sound
peer-reviewed science.
"We have no option but to appeal to the ombudsman against ERMA's
secrecy," says Mr Carapiet.
Asian
farmers form regional network
December 8, 2003
Crop Biotech Update
www.isaaa.org/kc
Farmers from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam have
grouped themselves into the Asian Farmers Regional Network or ASFARNET to
promote the active exchange of experiences and knowledge on alternative modern
farming technologies. This was a major highlight of a capacity building workshop
on Farmer to Farmer: Sharing Experiences Related to Agricultural Biotechnology
held in Manila and Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines from December 3-6, 2003.
The workshop aimed to, among others: increase Southeast Asian farmers? awareness
of the challenges facing agricultural biotechnology; enhance farmers knowledge
of policy issues, based on stakeholders? experiences with agricultural
biotechnology in the Philippines; and discuss farmer-level experiences with
biotechnology crops. Farmers from the United States, India and the Philippines
shared their experiences in planting genetically modified crops and how they
have benefited from the technology.
In the interim, ASFARNET will be assisted by the International Service for the
Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) after which it will be
coordinated by a Secretariat headed by Mr. Edwin Paraluman, a farmer-leader from
the Philippines. The farmers network will also engage in activities that will
ensure responsible farming, accelerate transfer of appropriate modern
technology, and ensure community participation in these activities.
A total of 31 farmers were joined by representatives from media from the
Philippines and Thailand, researchers, and representatives from research
agencies and related institutions. They attended a series of lectures on
biotechnology from experts in the field, visited field trials and actual
farmers? fields planted to Bt corn, and engaged in active discussion of research
activities in the International Rice Research Institute and the Institute of
Plant Breeding at the University of the Philippines Los Banos. Farmers were
unanimous in saying that they should be given the right to choose what crop to
plant and having alternative crop varieties is important to allow them to make
the right decisions.
The workshop was co-organized by ISAAA, UP Los Banos, SEAMEO Regional Center for
Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Cornell University, and the United
States Government under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
For more information about ASFARNET email Dr. Randy Hautea, ISAAA Southeast
Asia Center director at r.hautea@isaaa.org.
Greenpeace
protests against GM food
December 6, 2003
ABC News Online
Greenpeace volunteers have taken to the streets to stage individual protests
across Australia against the use of genetically modified (GM) soy in chicken and
turkey feed.
Greenpeace says they have tested the chicken feed used by Inghams and found that
70 per cent of the soy content is made from genetically modified soy beans.
Spokeswoman Tina Meckel says the organisation has spent the day letting the
general public know that they could be eating genetically modified turkey this
Christmas.
"People generally didn't know about this because products from animals fed
GM don't have to be labelled so they were quite surprised," she said.
"Most of them were shocked and very disappointed that they are getting
something in their food that they don't know about and that they really don't
want."
Biotech:
An arena for corporate dominance
December 8, 2003
Crop Biotech Update
Biotechnology’s evolution will be driven largely by the decisions of company
directors and research scientists in the private sector, who are preoccupied
with corporate profitability and competitiveness, rather than the problems of
poverty, food security and economic development in poor countries, states
Dominic Glover of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, in
Brighton, United Kingdom.
Glover observed that whether developing countries and poor farmers have access
to agricultural biotechnology, the science would still have a profound effect on
them. Private companies have continued to concentrate on the high-value
proprietary of genetic modification (GM) technologies which are primarily
attuned to the needs of wealthy markets.
Thus, to lessen threats on farmers in developing countries, Glover suggests a
public policy and regulatory framework which includes the following elements:
* Public funding for research and development (R&D) should address the needs
of developing country farmers for affordable, appropriate technologies; and
* A regulatory framework that would ensure that the core business activities of
companies contribute to development. This may require additional policies on:
private companies? incentives; re-examination of intellectual property rights (IPR)
policies; effective enforcement of competition and anti-trust laws; and policy
and regulatory frameworks that should include ethical practice of corporate
social responsibility and corporate citizenship.
Download the briefing paper ?Corporate Dominance and Agricultural Biotechnology:
Implications for Development
at http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/env/PDFs/%20Briefing3.pdf.
Rasco:
Banning biotech is undemocratic
December 8, 2003
Crop Biotech Update
http://www.isaaa.org/kc
Banning biotechnology or specifically Bt corn, as some sectors propose because
of (certain) claims, is clearly undemocratic, says Dr. Eufemio T. Rasco, Jr.,
Professor, University of the Philippines, Mindanao. Rasco presented a paper
during the recent Farmer to Farmer workshop that was held last December 3 to 6
at the Asian Institute of Management Conference Center in Makati City,
Philippines.
Rasco argued that the fear of plant biotechnology is the real issue that people
should be greatly concerned about. He also clarified some of the fears and false
beliefs about plant biotechnology which are: 1. that biotechnology is new and
untested; and 2. that the process involved in plant biotechnology is not
necessarily bad, but its products can be harmful.
Speaking before 31 farmers from six countries, namely: Indonesia, Thailand,
Vietnam, Malaysia, India, and the Philippines, Rasco reiterated that modern
plant biotechnology is grounded on principles learned from nature, and unlike
natural biotechnology, it is more predictable and is subjected to more
systematic tests.
Also, negative claims or issues pertaining to plant biotechnology are generally
not supported by scientific evidence.
A
new hope for heavy metal contaminated soils
December 5, 2003
The Max Planck Society
http://www.mpg.de/english/illustrationsDocumentation/documentation/pressReleases/2003/pressRelease20031203/
First global gene expression analysis elucidates the molecular inventory of
naturally selected plant heavy metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance.
Heavy metal pollution resulting from mining, smeltering and military activities
is widespread and poses a threat to drinking water resources, food chain safety
and air quality. The clean-up of metal-polluted soils is thus of great interest
economically as well as for the protection of human and environmental health.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam
and at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry in Halle have now made
pioneering progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable
some plant species to accumulate metals specifically in their leaves while
thriving on metal-polluted soils (The Plant Journal, OnlineEarly, 4-Dec-2003).
The scientists were the first to accomplish a global comparison of gene activity
in the zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulator species Arabidopsis halleri and the
genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, thereby identifying key metal
homeostasis proteins. These could serve as a basis for the development of new
plant-based and cost-effective technologies for cleanup or stabilization of
metal-contaminated soils.
In the 1980s scientists began laboratory studies on metal hyperaccumulator
plants, i.e. plants which accumulate exceptionally high concentrations of heavy
metals in their above-ground biomass. This coincided with the recognition that a
number of serious human diseases are the result of disruptions in metal
homeostasis, for example Menke’s disease, Wilson’s disease, hemochromatosis
and possibly Alzheimer and prion diseases. Indeed, metal ions are essential all
across the kingdoms of life, buttheir role in biology is ambiguous: small
amounts of metals like iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel are essential.
However, serious damage occurs when any heavy metal is accumulated in excess or
distributed incorrectly within an organism. Therefore all life forms possess a
tightly knit and intricately regulated network of metal homeostasis proteins.
Existing knowledge of these proteins show a surprising extent of similarity
between metal homeostasis networks in widely differing organisms, i.e. humans,
yeast and plants. In the hyperaccumulator plant Thlaspi caerulescens, a
metal-sequestering protein has previously been found to exhibit high similarity
to its counterpart in A. thaliana, but is regulated differently. Advancing
beyond these earlier results, the work published now on A. halleri has finally
made it possible to achieve a global view of the complex metal homeostasis
network in a metal hyperaccumulator plant.
The plant species Arabidopsis halleri is naturally found on soils heavily
polluted with cadmium and zinc. It exhibits extreme metal tolerance and belongs
to a small group of approximately 400 taxa of plants which accumulate heavy
metals to extraordinary concentrations specifically in their above-ground
biomass. These traits are potentially of great interest for the cost-effective
clean-up of metal-polluted soils. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam and at the Leibniz Institute of Plant
Biochemistry in Halle have pursued the mechanisms which underlie metal
hyperaccumulation and tolerance at the molecular level. For this they exploited
the fact that A. halleri is very closely related to the genetic model plant A.
thaliana, of which the genome has been sequenced. In contrast to A. halleri, A.
thaliana is metal sensitive and immobilises excess metal ions in the roots,
thereby limiting the accumulation of metals in above-ground tissues. Contrasting
metal homeostasis of both species and their close genetic relationship enabled
the researchers to compare gene messages (messenger RNA) of both species
utilizing commercially available A. thaliana GeneChips. These chips contained
probes for approximately one-third of the genes encoded in the genome of A.
thaliana. The results led to the identification of the messages encoding
proteins of key components of metal homeostasis, some more abundant in shoots
and others more abundant in roots. The functions of these proteins, which could
be demonstrated by the scientists or were derived from existing data, reflect
very clearly the specific physiological functions of roots and shoots in the
process of metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance in A. halleri. The role of the
root is to detoxify metal ions and to maintain the metals in a mobile chemical
form for translocation into the shoot of the plant. The shoot functions
primarily in metal storage, which involves detoxification and sequestration of
the metals. Specifically, in the roots the messages encoding a cellular zinc
uptake protein, a protein that mobilizes metals from storage in root vacuoles
and a nicotianamine synthase enzyme are highly abundant. This latter enzyme
catalyses the biosynthesis of a metal chelator molecule, nicotianamine, which
can detoxify zinc and other metal ions in a mobile form through the formation of
a stable metal complex. In the shoots the message levels for another isozyme of
nicotianamine synthase are highly abundant. The researchers could again
demonstrate an involvement in zinc detoxification. Furthermore the messages for
several membrane proteins are highly abundant. One of these is likely to have a
function in metal transport into shoot cells. The other two proteins are
involved in the detoxification of zinc ions. It is probable that these proteins
mediate the transport of metal ions from the cytoplasm into cellular
compartments of lower metabolic activity, for example the plant cell central
vacuole. Curiously, all these genes displayed high activity under all
conditions, and not only when plants are challenged with heavy metals. This is
consistent with the observation that leaves of A. halleri accumulate zinc even
when the plant is growing on uncontaminated soils.
In the post-genome era genome sequences are becoming available of more and more
organisms. This enables scientists for the first time to investigate the
molecular basis of traits that enable some plants to grow under extremely
hostile environmental conditions. This could help to improve crop yields in
parts of the world where the climate or the soils are limiting or endangering
agriculture, or develop healthier or more nutritious crops. Iron and zinc
deficiency are two of the most common nutritional deficiencies. The knowledge of
the molecular factors governing plant metal tolerance and accumulation could be
instrumental in optimising metal contents in plant-derived foods by increasing
essential metal contents, like those of iron and zinc, and reducing the
accumulation of toxic metals like cadmium. Finally , if the ability to tolerate
or hyperaccumulate metals can be transferred to a high-biomass Brassica plant,
this could provide a technology for soil remediation.
Original work:
Martina Becher, Ina N. Talke, Leonard Krall and Ute Krämer
Cross-species microarray transcript profiling reveals high constitutive
expression of metal homeostasis genes in shoots of the zinc hyperaccumulator
Arabidopsis halleri
The Plant Journal, OnlineEarly 4-Dec-2003, doi:
10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01959.x, no. 37, Issue no. 2 (January 2004)
Michael Weber, Emiko Harada, Christoph Vess, Edda v. Roepenack-Lahaye and
Stephan Clemens
Comparative microarray analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis halleri
roots identifies nicotianamine synthase, a ZIP transporter and other genes as
potential metal hyperaccumulation factors
The Plant Journal, OnlineEarly, 4-Dec-2003, doi:
10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01960.x, no. 37, Issue no. 2 (January 2004)
Squash
leaf curl virus, Cucurbits, Israel
December 5, 2003
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2003, No. 8 [edited]
2003/117 Squash leaf curl begomovirus found in Israel
The NPPO of Israel (PPIS) informed the EPPO Secretariat of the presence of
Squash leaf curl begomovirus (SLCV - EPPO A1 list) in Israel. In Autumn
2002, severe leaf curling symptoms were observed on cultivated squash (_Cucurbita
pepo_) in an agricultural settlement near Jerusalem and thereafter by surveys in
other cucurbit-growing areas around the country.
SLCV was found affecting crops of squash (_Cucurbita pepo_), pumpkin
(_Cucurbita moschata_) and melon (_Cucumis melo_), as well as the wild weed
hosts Ecballium elaterium (_Cucurbitaceae_) and Malva nicaeensis (_Malvaceae_).
Surveillance is being maintained and further scientific studies are being
undertaken. The status of this pest in Israel is declared as: Present.
Source: NPPO of Israel, 2003-09.
Antignus, Y.; Lachman, O.; Pearlsman, M.; Omer, S.; Yunis, H.; Messika, Y.;
Uko, O.; Koren, A. (2003) Squash leaf curl geminivirus - a new illegal immigrant
from the Western Hemisphere and a threat to cucurbit crops in Israel. Abstracts
of presentations made at the 24th Congress of the Israeli Phytopathological
Society. Phytoparasitica 31(4), p 415. Also available on Internet:
http://www.phytoparasitica.org
--
ProMED-mail
promed@promedmail.org
[In most instances, the incidence of SLCV-affected plants in Israel was close to
100 percent and was always associated with high populations of the whitefly,
Bemisia tabaci. SCLV has been reported from USA (Arizona, Texas, and California)
as well as from Guatemala, Honduras, Sinaloa and Sonora states in Mexico,
Nicaragua, and Panama. The authors claim that this is the 1st report of an
epidemic caused by a 'New World' geminivirus in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Additional reference:
http://gemini.biosci.arizona.edu/viruses/slcv/ - Mod.DH]
Grazing
administration--Exclusive of Alaska
December 8, 2003
[Federal Register: (Volume 68, Number 235)]
[Page 68451-68474]
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
RIN: 1004-AD42
AGENCY: Bureau of Land Management, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
SUMMARY: The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) proposes amending its regulations
concerning how BLM administers livestock grazing on public lands. The proposed
changes would: improve BLM's day-to-day grazing management efficiency; ensure
BLM documents its considerations of the social, cultural, environmental, and
economic consequences of grazing changes; provide that changes in grazing use be
phased-in under certain circumstances; allow BLM to share title with permittees
and lessees to range improvements in certain circumstances; make clear how BLM
will authorize grazing if a BLM decision affecting a grazing permit is stayed
pending administrative appeal consistent with court rulings; remove provisions
in the present regulations concerning conservation use grazing permits; ensure
adequate time for developing and successfully implementing an appropriate
management action when BLM finds that current grazing management does not meet
standards and guidelines for rangeland health, and that authorized grazing is a
significant factor in not achieving one or more land health standards or not
conforming with guidelines for grazing administration; and revise some
administrative fees. We intend these changes to improve working relationships
with permittees and lessees, enhance administrative efficiency, and cost
effectiveness, clarify the regulations and protect the health of rangelands.
DATES: You should submit your comments on or before February 6, 2004. The BLM
may not necessarily consider comments postmarked or received by messenger or
electronic mail after the above date in the decision-making process on the final
rule.
Public meetings will be held on dates and at times and places to be announced in
subsequent Federal Register documents. ADDRESSES: Mail: Director (630), Bureau
of Land Management, Eastern States Office, 7450 Boston Boulevard, Springfield,
Virginia 22153, Attention: RIN 1004-AD42.
Personal or messenger delivery: 1620 L Street NW., Suite 401, Washington, DC
20036.
Direct Internet response: http://www.blm.gov/nhp/news/regulatory/index.htm or
http://www.blm.gov/grazing.
E-mail: WOComment@blm.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ken Visser, Rangeland Management Specialist,
Rangeland, Soils, Water and Air Group, (202) 452-7743, Ted Hudson (202) 452-5042
or Cynthia Ellis (202) 452-5012 of the Regulatory Affairs Group. Individuals who
use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) may contact them individually
through the Federal Information Relay Service at 1-800/877-8339, 24 hours a day,
seven days a week.
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