Agnet Dec. 2/03 -- IV

Canadian organic regulation needed to further international trade

Japan beverage maker Suntory to acquire Australian biotechnology venture

Urban cowboy

Got comments? Pacific Northwest states consolidate comments to USDA/EPA using new program

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Canadian organic regulation needed to further international trade
December 2, 2003
From a press release
GREENFIELD, Mass. -- On behalf of its members in Canada, the Organic Trade Association is urging Canadian consumers, environmentalists and organic industry players to actively support efforts to develop a Canadian regulation that would require organic products and ingredients, whether domestically produced or imported, to meet standards set by the Canadian government.
"Such a regulation will make it possible for Canada to negotiate with other trading partners, particularly the European Union, on possible equivalency or recognition agreements and further promote international trade of organic products. In addition, it will give consumers assurance that any products sold as organic in Canada have complied with mandatory standards," said Katherine DiMatteo, executive director of the Organic Trade Association (OTA), which represents all aspects of the organic industry in North America.
Before adopting a regulation, Canadian officials must first consult with the Canadian public and organic industry for comments and guidance. The first of these consultative sessions has been scheduled for Jan. 23, 2004, in Guelph in conjunction with the 2004 Organic Conference at the University of Guelph. Additional consultations in other parts of the country are tentatively planned for February and March.
Since 1999, the Canadian industry has had a voluntary Canada Organic Standard. In January 2003, industry members met with representatives of Agriculture & Agri-Foods Canada and agreed on the need for a mandatory regulation to help expedite trade relations with such major trading partners as the United States, European Union, and Japan. Subsequent meetings throughout the year have determined the structure of the proposed regulation.
"The Organic Trade Association has been one of the players at the table in this effort to shape a regulation and ensure standards that meet the needs of the Canadian public. This has truly been a cooperative effort on the part of key individuals in the Canadian government and organic industry, and we are optimistic that soon Canada can adopt a regulation. However, before that can happen, consumers and other Canadian constituents must actively show their support," DiMatteo said.
The Organic Trade Association is a membership-based business association representing all aspects of the organic industry in North America. Its members include 76 companies from Canada. More information about OTA is available on OTA's web site (www.ota.com) and its consumer web site (www.theorganicreport.org).



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Japan beverage maker Suntory to acquire Australian biotechnology venture
December 2, 2003
Knight-Ridder Tribune
OSAKA, Japan--Beverage maker Suntory Ltd. Was cited as saying Tuesday it will acquire Australian biotechnology venture Florigene Ltd. from the venture's parent firm Nufarm Ltd., an Australian chemical maker.
The move is intended to promote Suntory's research and development activity in the field of plant life with the use of biotechnology, the Japanese firm said.
Suntory is to acquire a 98 percent stake in Florigene by the end of this month but will not disclose financial details at the moment, company officials said.
Florigene specializes in the development of new flowers and plants and is known for its expertise in adjusting their colors.
Suntory and Florigene have been cooperating since 1990 in the development of blue roses and carnations by using gene recombination technologies.



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Urban cowboy
December 1/03
Guelph Mercury
Owen Roberts
Ontario’s highly integrated food and agriculture research and education system is the envy of North America. Instead of the various segments of the industry being disjointed, they work together in ways that lead to all kinds of efficiencies and opportunities. The latest example of this cooperation is the Ontario Agricultural College’s bio-resource management degree - the first of its kind in Canada - which, pending the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities’ approval, starts accepting applications in January, for the program’s debut next fall.
The degree was created to fill a societal and industry gap. Beneath its unassuming name, it’s actually a four-year horticultural management major, designed for students who have an interest in what’s now called living resources - shrubs, flowers, trees, plants -- and a desire to pursue degree-level training in all aspects of horticulture. With gardening having become Canada?s leading leisure activity, the horticultural industry is booming. The industry worked with the university to create the program, because graduates were needed with an advanced level of understanding, particularly on the business side. The existing program was doing fine producing graduates who knew the technical end of the industry, but in a two-year program, there wasn’t time to introduce the likes of management skills.
Now the time’s available, as are the facilities. Thanks to what’s likely to become a template for other programs - that is, facility- and expertise-sharing between the University and its regional campuses in Ridgetown, Alfred and Kemptville - students will study for the first two years at Ridgetown College, then the final two years at the Guelph main campus. This way, they get to take advantage of the applied skill sets distinguished by the regional campuses, and the business and management expertise at the University.
This program and others like it are intended for those who plan to enter the workforce after their four-year program, rather than good on to graduate school. There are programs at Guelph specifically for those who want a post-graduate program. This isn’t it.
But it is it if students are looking at occupations such as greenhouse operation manager, fruit and vegetable production agronomist, nursery or garden centre manager, landscape contractor and designer, golf course grounds manager and parks maintenance manager. That?s a broad brush, and it will have a wide appeal (even though it’s a limited-enrolment program, with plans to accept just 25-30 students, to avoid flooding the market). The Ontario Agricultural College is excited about the bio-resource program because it represents so much of what the college is trying to do. It wants to make the affiliated colleges a vibrant part of the academic curriculum, in a creative way that utilizes the talents and facilities of both. It wants to offer students new options, to draw them to the ever-expanding, non-traditional world of agriculture. It wants to be applicable to industry, so its graduates get jobs. And it wants to be relevant to society, by responding to its needs.
By listening to industry, the college has heard the kind of graduates society wants. Credentials include a combination of field and classroom experience, business savvy and particularly, environmental awareness. That’s where a part of the bio moniker comes from. Besides being good greenhouse managers or parks operators, graduates will come equipped with an unusually high degree of environmental education. They’ll have classes in such topics as stewardship, soil and water conservation, environmental issues and management, and communications. They’ll be highly sensitized to current issues.
We’re looking for non-traditional learners who learn by doing, like getting their hands dirty and are independently minded, says OAC associate dean Mary Buhr. Students are ready for this kind of program. Buhr expects this to be the first in a line of hybrid college-university degree programs aimed at the bio-resource economy. That’s good news -- industry and society are ready for graduates from these kinds of programs. It?s time to bring them on.



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Got comments? Pacific Northwest states consolidate comments to USDA/EPA using new program
November 2003
Agrichemical and Environmental News, Issue No. 211
Dr. Catherine H. Daniels, WSU Pesticide Coordinator, and Jane M. Thomas, Western Region Regulatory Information Coordinator
http://www.aenews.wsu.edu/Nov03AENews/Nov03AENews.htm#CommentCoordinator
One of the most common complaints from Western growers about the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is that "those folks use models, they don't use real data." This complaint refers to EPA’s chemical reregistration work mandated in the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). The reason that models don’t sit well with growers is that models, by their very nature, must take “worst case situations” into account. In other words, instead of calculating the actual use rate of a pesticide on the actual number of acres upon which it is used, a model will plug in the maximum allowable pesticide use per acre for 100% of the registered uses on all the potential acres on which it could be used. That can affect whether all uses fit in a chemical's “risk cup.” If the uses don’t fit, crops get deleted from labels. Real use data provides more, well…realistic estimates of exposure. Growers believe that with real numbers there is at least a better chance that all of a chemical's uses may still fit in the risk cup.
The good news is that when EPA scientists are able to access real data regarding field usage of pesticides, they do use it. The problem is finding that data.
So, where can EPA find data? The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), the largest pesticide use tracking agency, compiles data on many, but not all crops. Notably, data on many of the minor crops so important to Washington’s agricultural economy are absent. The California Pesticide Use Reporting System has application records for all pesticides applied in that state. Pest Management Strategic Plans (PMSPs) and Crop Profiles, both of which contain pesticide use information, are heavily used by EPA staff (see Washington State’s PMSPs and Crop Profiles at http://wsprs.wsu.edu/CropProfiles.html). Another way EPA obtains real data is by publishing notices in the Federal Register (http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/) to solicit public comment. While this last method is important in allowing public process, it usually happens nearer the end of the decision-making process and, because of that timing, comments submitted may have less impact on the actions taken.
Each of the data sources currently used by EPA is important, but sometimes there’s no substitute for a conversation with a human being. When the level of detail exceeds that provided by databases or documents, or those questions require an answer from the grower community, EPA often calls the USDA Office of Pest Management Policy (OPMP, http://www.ars.usda.gov/opmp/). In turn, OPMP staff members often call the regional Pest Management Center directors. For our area, that is the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Center (WRIPMC). One of the many roles of the WRIPMC is to facilitate and coordinate information exchange regarding pest management issues between federal agencies, universities, commodity groups, growers, and industry. The regional directors then pass the request along to appropriate contacts in states where the pesticide use pattern is thought to exist. (Contacts in Montana, for example, would not be sought for questions about pesticide use on oranges.) Each state then handles the requests in a manner that works best for them. The information collected goes back to EPA. This process was developed so that actual pesticide use practices and patterns could be given to EPA at the time they are making review decisions about specific agrichemicals.
Sounds good, doesn't it? Finally, we are able to get EPA the kind of real life data and back-and-forth-discussions needed to help make decisions. This is a point we have wanted to reach for quite awhile. Now, of course, the ball is in our court to deliver the information they are seeking within a timeframe in which they can use it.
A fair number of chemicals are under review at any one time, and many of them are registered on a large number of crops. Sometimes, even with real data, crops will have to be removed from the label in order to fit the chemical into its risk cup. The question then becomes: which ones? An example of a detailed question EPA might ask the OPMP staff in this situation is "which of the following 25 crops are absolutely critical to leave on the label and which ones can use other products?" The timeframe in which EPA needs this information is usually less than a month, sometimes even shorter, so you can see that state contacts can be kept very busy answering these questions in addition to performing their other numerous duties. Did I mention that while a simple “no, it isn't important on this crop in our state” is a sufficient answer; a simple “yes, this tool is critical on this crop” must be bolstered with data? The EPA needs to know things like the number of acres grown, a justification of why other products cannot substitute, and a general description of what will happen to the industry if the chemical can't be used on that crop anymore. Now that the states in the Pacific Northwest had the opportunity to submit real-life data we found we needed additional staff to collect it. Thus was born the idea of a regulatory information coordinator, someone to take the questions, find the people who could answer them and then put together a formal reply packet commenting on those chemical uses. Using a form of verbal shorthand, we call this position the “Comment Coordinator.”
The Making of a Comment Coordinator
State contacts from Alaska, Idaho, Washington, Montana, Oregon, and Utah have worked together for many years on pest management issues because our cropping systems and pest management needs are very similar. In 2002, contacts from several of these states, including Washington, began discussing ways to streamline this feedback process. Rather than have each state individually reply to information requests from EPA, it made more sense to have a single Comment Coordinator who would gather information from all states and send in a single comment packet. We tested our theory during 2002. An individual was selected to act as Comment Coordinator, a project was chosen, a contact list was built, and the first comment packet was generated. The project proved successful and funding was sought to make this position more permanent.
In September 2002, Washington State University (WSU) received specific funding from the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Center for a Comment Coordinator to provide USDA and EPA with information from this six-state region. Initially, the Comment Coordinator, with help from the respective state contacts, identified comment opportunities where input was likely to influence pesticide use pattern decisions relevant to the region. The intent was to be as proactive as possible in looking for opportunities to comment early in EPA's decision-making process.
Jane M. Thomas, previously known only as WSU's Pesticide Notification Network (http://www.pnn.wsu.edu) Coordinator and occasionally as the Queen Bee of Labels, assumed the responsibilities of the Comment Coordinator on September 15, 2002.
Setting Up an Infrastructure
The first task was to devise a database to hold the information that was received while making inquiries. A lot of information would be exchanged among the states, and a mechanism would be needed to store and sort it. The resulting database provides easy access to a list of all the individuals who have provided information pursuant to the requests received so far. It also serves as a storage bin for the individual bits and bobs of information collected in the process of preparing comments on a specific issue. The Comment Coordinator can query the information by crop, contact, and/or state. Not only does the database make starting on a new project a little easier but it also stores the information gathered for a project so that when it is time to prepare the final comment package, all the relevant information can be accessed and sorted in whatever manner is most convenient and appropriate to the question.
Comment Packages
Over the first year, nine comment packages were submitted as a result of the efforts of the six state contacts and the Comment Coordinator. The requests for comment come in a variety of forms but most often are e-mailed from USDA to Rick Melnicoe, the Director of the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Center, and are then forwarded to Jane. We have since refined the process so that the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Center staff identify comment opportunities to pass along to Jane. But while the mechanism for generating the request has been fairly consistent, the types of information sought have varied widely. Basically, any action with the potential to impact agriculture in the Pacific Northwest is fair game.
The information that goes into each comment package is derived from discussions with extension and research personnel, growers, fieldmen, chemical distributors, and anyone else who might have insight on the question at hand. In each comment package prepared so far, a contact list (sorted by crop and state) has been included so that if personnel at EPA or OPMP have additional questions about the information in the response, they can contact individuals directly. If an industry organization has prepared their own comments on the subject, we make sure our information is complementary and try to include a copy of their material in our comment packet.
In the interest of providing a public archive of this work, the requests, any supporting documents, and the final comment packages are all posted on the Washington State Pest Management Resource Service Web page. At http://wsprs.wsu.edu/, in the left navigation bar, click on Pesticides, then select Comment Coordinator: USDA/EPA Information Requests. Note that the requests and comment packages are posted first by active ingredient, then by project.
The comment packages are also posted on The WRIPMC Web page along with all the other comments submitted within the Western Region (http://wripmc.org/). They are found under the “Replies to Information Requests” button.
Below is a list of the projects that have been completed to date. The projects and known outcomes are discussed in more detail below.
1. Methyl Parathion: Niche Uses
2. Dimethoate: Critical Uses
3. Methyl Parathion: Onion and Potato Information
4. Vinclozolin: Tolerance Extension
5. Carbaryl: Revised Risk Assessment and Proposed Mitigation Measures
6. Dimethoate: Succulent Beans and Succulent Peas
7. DCPA (Dacthal): Cancellation
8. "List of 54": 2003 Remaining Uses
9. Dimethoate: Succulent Beans and Succulent Peas II
Methyl Parathion. In October of 2002, EPA requested information through USDA on methyl parathion use on about a dozen crops. The agency stated that they thought methyl parathion was used on these crops but that the amount was not significant and they wondered if the uses were critical niche uses that needed to be retained. In our response we requested that, of the crops cited methyl parathion use be retained on alfalfa, barley, canola, and onion. In March, as requested by EPA, Cheminova asked that we supply additional information about the agricultural practices associated with onion and potato production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In May 2003 EPA issued the interim reregistration eligibility document (IRED) for methyl parathion. Here EPA stated, "The following uses are eligible for reregistration: Alfalfa, barley, corn, cotton, grass forage/fodder/hay, oats, onion, pastures, rangeland, rape seed (canola), rice, rye, soybeans, sunflower, sweet corn, sweet potatoes, walnuts, wheat, white potatoes, and yams (emphasis added)."
Dimethoate. In December 2002, EPA asked for input on dimethoate. This second project was several orders of magnitude more complex because of the large number of crops and the general nature of the request. Through a massive organizational effort and scores of telephone calls, e-mails, and faxes, a response was submitted to EPA at the end of February. In July and again in September 2003, EPA asked for additional, specific information concerning dimethoate use on succulent beans and succulent peas. Secondary and tertiary comment packages were prepared and returned to EPA. As of this writing, the only formal action that EPA has taken on dimethoate is the use cancellation announced in the September 10 Federal Register. In this notice, EPA announced the following:
The companies that hold the pesticide registrations of products containing dimethoate have submitted requests to modify their technical labels to remove uses on certain crops. These crops consist of apples, grapes, cabbage, collards, spinach, head lettuce, broccoli raab, fennel, tomatillo, lespedeza, and trefoil. It is necessary to cancel use on apples, grapes, cabbage, collards, spinach, and head lettuce as part the process of revising the dimethoate human health risk assessment.
In their original request for information, EPA had already indicated that apple, grape, and head lettuce uses would be deleted and that succulent beans, succulent peas, and spinach were in jeopardy. Of the other listed crops, the PNW had requested that dimethoate use on spinach seed be retained. (At the time of this writing a note has been sent to EPA's Pat Dobak, dimethoate Chemical Review Manager, asking for clarification on EPA's position regarding the use of dimethoate on nonfood/nonfeed seed crops.) It is important to note that they have not, as yet, taken action to delete the succulent bean and succulent pea uses. This may indicate that our efforts are having some impact on the reregistration process for dimethoate.
Vinclozolin. This project was far different from those on the two previously mentioned chemicals. Dr. Bob McReynolds of Oregon State University, who had been very helpful with pesticide use information for vegetable crops grown in Oregon for the previous two comment packages, contacted the Comment Coordinator in April 2003. He requested that the region prepare a letter of support for a tolerance extension for vinclozolin on succulent beans in response to a notice in the March 26 Federal Register. The use of vinclozolin is important to the Oregon succulent bean industry and this was a pro-active step to write a letter of support. A comment letter was submitted to the docket and in the September 30 Federal Register, EPA announced that the tolerance had been extended for two years and will expire 9/30/05. While several other letters of support were submitted as well, we like to think the PNW comment package favorably impacted the results.
Carbaryl. As with the initial dimethoate project, an April request regarding carbaryl was complex and preparing a response proved difficult. The list of crops involved was extensive and, to further complicate matters, the timeline was short. In preparation for finalizing the carbaryl IRED, EPA was trying to ascertain which uses were critical and whether growers could tolerate newly proposed re-entry intervals (REIs). There was some initial confusion between groups about what the proposed mitigation measures were, which resulted in Jane having to cover some ground twice in gathering information.
By the end of May we were able to provide some information regarding uses in our region that were considered important. In June EPA issued the carbaryl IRED. The results were a mixed bag, with some crops ending up with lower REIs than originally proposed (caneberries, cranberries, sugarbeets), some with slightly higher REIs (beans, peas, root crop brassica, cucurbits, filberts), and some, like sod, that were complete surprises. (In the IRED, EPA established the REI for sod farms as 12 hours for all activities except harvesting, where the REI is now 9 days.)
DCPA. In late July we received a request from USDA to gather information on sites where the herbicide DCPA was being used. EPA had contacted USDA to ask if there would be serious hardships created if the registration for this chemical were cancelled. The agency was contemplating this action because of cancer and groundwater-contamination concerns. A response was submitted late in August. As of this writing, EPA has concluded that for some of the currently registered uses, DCPA is an essential tool. Working with the registrant, EPA is now attempting to iron out carcinogenicity and toxicity issues.
The "List of 54." This project, as the name implies, covered a large number of pesticides. This project had the tightest timeline but luckily we were asked just to respond with information from Washington State. Other contacts were requested to produce California and Oregon-specific information. The request was received on Friday, August 29, 2003 from USDA's Burleson Smith and returned September 5, 2003. In his e-mail he asked that we let him know if there were any crops now in the ground that would need an application or applications of any of 54 chemicals listed before the crop was harvested. (The information request had to do with a lawsuit filed by a consortium of the Washington Toxics Coalition, Northwest Alternatives to Pesticides, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermens, and Institute of Fisheries Resources against EPA. The lawsuit charged that EPA had failed to consult with other agencies under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and that buffers were required on 54 chemicals until consultation takes place. (See “Salmon-Stimulated Lawsuits: Swimming in Circles or Shouldered on Sound Science?” AENews Issue No. 202, February 2003). The judge hearing the case was attempting to determine the impact to existing crops were he to immediately impose mandatory buffer zones to protect streams carrying endangered fish species. It may have become clear to the reader by this point why the project workload required dedicated staff, this isn't a request for 54 crops, which in itself is not a trivial thing; it is a request for all ag uses for 54 chemicals. Jane accomplished this information collection by sending a notification via the Pesticide Notification Network requesting input. Resulting information was summarized and submitted. To date, the court has not issued a final ruling.
Having an Impact
After a little over a year, it’s safe to say that the Comment Coordinator concept has been a success. Growers, registrants, and, most importantly, the agencies responsible for making pesticide reregistration decisions are finding the comment packages very useful.
“The information…you have supplied to EPA …is extremely helpful for pinpointing the critical needs for this chemical. Not only did your comments inform EPA as to the critical needs of the chemical, but it also was very informative as to where the chemical is not necessary any more and why.” (USDA)
“It is a great idea to have one person within a large region, who can be contacted and trusted to pull together this type of information for the EPA. I only wish other university systems would follow your lead.” (USDA)
“It's plain to me that [this sort of] work is very necessary if we are to get critical info to the EPA.” (University)
“…commendable report…provided us with exactly the kind of information we need for that region… pests, alternatives, timing, application methods, and post-application activities.” (EPA)
“Thank you so much for this very detailed response. This is exactly the kind of information, and the detail, that we need for our discussions with EPA.” (Registrant)
“The Regional Comments Coordinator has greatly enhanced our ability to meet this [information exchange] objective.” (WRIPMC)
“The information you supplied is very useful, and your timing was great. I was blown away by the level of detail.” (EPA)
“Keep up the good work you are achieving with this new program at Washington State University and thank you again.” (USDA)
In September 2003 the Comment Coordinator position officially became a part of the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Center. Jane continues to work at WSU Tri-Cities, still manages the PNN, and will continue to provide information from the six-state area to USDA and EPA in 2004 as the Comment Coordinator. The program’s success is underscored by the fact that similar programs are being considered in other parts of the West and in other regions of the United States.
Jane M. Thomas is Comment Coordinator and Pesticide Notification Network coordinator. Her office is on the Tri-Cities campus of Washington State University. She can be reached at (509) 372-7493 or jmthomas@tricity.wsu.edu. Catherine Daniels is Pesticide Coordinator for Washington State University. Her office is at the Puyallup Research and Extension Center. She can be reached at (253) 445-4611 or cdaniels@tricity.wsu.edu.
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