Agnet Dec. 12/03
Ag Canada in
bed with Monsanto
Biotechnology
Risk Assessment Grants (BRAG) Program
GM labels to
hit store shelves soon
Study eases
GMO fears
GM seeds and
glyphosate to reduce chemical market
University
of Minnesota economist studies plant biotechnology, related jobs
Eco-myth and
agricultural reality
Biotech
crops provide economic benefits
Postcard
from Japan
Snapshot of
U.S. consumers to help shape canola oil campaign
Plum pox,
natural spread - Turkey (Ankara)
PANUPS:
Action Alert: Workers Poisoned in Colombia
EPA
announces preliminary risk assessment for creosote
Pesticide
Program Dialogue Committee notice of charter renewal
how to subscribe
Ag
Canada in bed with Monsanto
December 11, 2003
Stratford Beacon-Herald
4
Ann Slater, President, Ecological Farmers Association of Ontario, writes in this
letter, which was originally published Tuesday in the Ontario Farmer, that in
last week's paper, Ontario Farmer had a story on how the approval process for
genetically modified (GM) products is now more transparent. Can this really be
true? Do the federal government and the biotechnology industry believe they can
address public concerns about what is really going on behind closed doors and in
secret Agriculture Canada test plots by having GM product developers voluntarily
post their own safety assessments on a Web site?
According to a CBC radio report on Nov. 28, access to information legislation
was required to find out that Ag Canada will receive a royalty of close to five
per cent on Monsanto's Roundup Ready wheat, if it is released. In addition,
according to CBC, Ag Canada has invested $2.5 million and three top scientists
in Monsanto's development of genetically engineered (GE) wheat.
Ag Canada, through the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, is also responsible for
approving the release of Monsanto's GE wheat. How can Ag Canada be open and
transparent about the potential risks of GE wheat, or give any serious
consideration to turning down Monsanto's application, when they stand to profit
from the approval of Monsanto's Roundup Ready wheat?
The Ecological Farmers Association of Ontario, along with other progressive farm
organizations like the Canadian Organic Growers and the National Farmers Union,
have long called for a separation between the scientific assessment and economic
promotion of GE products. The same government department cannot both promote and
regulate a product with any degree of fairness or openness.
Limited public research funds should not be handed out to corporations, like
Monsanto, but should be used to serve the interests of Canadians by supporting
sustainable systems of agriculture, which improve the nutrition and safety of
food, the health of the environment and the economy of farmers and rural
communities.
At our recent annual general meeting, the members of EFAO encouraged all farmers
concerned about the approval of and subsequent release of GE wheat to contact
their government representatives. As Ag Canada pulls in royalty checks from
Monsanto, organic and non-organic farmers alike will watch their incomes fall
further and further as they disappear, along with markets for Canadian wheat.
Biotechnology
Risk Assessment Grants (BRAG) Program
December 12, 2003
USDA News Releases
http://www.usda.gov/whatsnew.htm
The complete document can be downloaded from:
http://www.reeusda.gov/1700/funding/04/rfa_brag_04.htm
The purpose of the BRAG is to assist Federal regulatory agencies in making
science-based decisions about the effects of introducing into the environment
genetically modified organisms, including plants, microorganisms (including
fungi, bacteria, and viruses), arthropods, fish, birds, mammals, and other
animals excluding humans. Investigations of effects on both managed and natural
environments are relevant.
CSREES solicits applications for an estimated $3.0 million in grants for the
Biotechnology Risk Assessment Grants Program (BRAG). Applications must be
received by close of business February 10, 2004 ( 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time).
GM
labels to hit store shelves soon
December 12, 2003
Western Producer
Barry Wilson
http://www.producer.com/articles/20031211/news/20031211news23a.html
By spring 2004, Canadian store shelves should, according to this story, begin to
display products with labels that assure consumers the product does not contain
genetically engineered material, says the chair of a committee that designed a
code for voluntary labelling that likely will take effect by April.
Doryne Peace of Toronto, chair of the Canadian General Standards Board committee
that developed a voluntary labelling standard, was quoted as saying in a Dec. 5
interview that, "I believe it will come into effect in the first quarter of
next year. I think the take up on this will be quite strong by the industry
because consumers have indicated they want information. I think the industry
should be listening to its consumers."
Study
eases GMO fears
December 12, 2003
Western Producer
Barry Wilson
http://www.producer.com/articles/20031211/news/20031211news31.html
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency was cited as saying in a document published
in response to an environmental petition filed by Greenpeace Canada that an
Environment Canada study on the effects of Bt toxin on the soil began in March
2001, and the research results are preliminary but encouraging.
Greenpeace official Pat Venditti was cited as saying the government response
proves its point that Canadians have been guinea pigs in the use of GM crops,
adding, "GMOs have been grown for years and now the government is conceding
that they were approved without solid evidence about their impact. I think this
really makes our point that the government has not done its homework on
this."
GM
seeds and glyphosate to reduce chemical market
December 12, 2003
Crop Biotech Update
www.isaaa.org/kc
Farmer expenditures for crop protection chemicals for corn, cotton, and soybeans
are expected to decrease by more than $1 billion over the next five years. This
is the prediction of a recently published study by the international consultancy
firm Kline and Company due to increasing adoption of herbicide-tolerant and
insect-resistant seeds as well as lower prices for glyphosate herbicide.
BIOTECH 2012 Business Analysis says the introduction of several new insect
resistance genes for corn over the next few years will greatly reduce the need
for insecticides to control corn rootworm, cutworm, and armyworm. Kline's study
predicts sales of conventional insecticides for corn to decrease from $300
million in 2002 to $70 million in 2012. "This effectively turns the largest
single-pest insecticide market into a smaller specialty market," says
Mancer Cyr, senior associate in Kline’s Agribusiness Practice.
Cyr adds that there are more attractive opportunities to develop entirely new
businesses based on value-added traits for food, industrial, and pharmaceutical
uses. "For firms that are still dealing only in chemicals and haven't
started exploring GM seed, their days as major basic suppliers could be
numbered," says Cyr. "There could be room for them as niche suppliers
as long as the niches are small enough to discourage new biotech inroads and
large enough to keep the businesses afloat."
For more information, e-mail Kline and Company at: consult@klinegroup.com or
visit their website at http://www.klinegroup.com/
University
of Minnesota economist studies plant biotechnology, related jobs
December 12, 2003
Knight-Ridder Tribune
Lee Egerstrom, Saint Paul Pioneer Press, Minn.
C. Ford Runge, a University of Minnesota economist and holder of a McKnight
chair for applied economics and law, and research associate Barry Ryan have,
according to this story, completed a study called The Economic Status and
Performance of Plant Biotechnology in 2003, which they presented at a meeting of
the National Conference of State Legislatures in Washington, D.C.
Runge was cited as saying Thursday that Minnesota farmers already are producing
crops valued at $2.2 billion annually from biotechnology engineered seeds, but
Midwestern states may be gaining even greater value from the science-based jobs
and businesses serving the biotech revolution.
Runge said 41 of the 50 U.S. states had adopted some type of initiative by 2001
to attract or develop biotechnology research. Runge's study showed there is
logic for doing so. States where farmers have quickly adopted biotechnology
genetics products are also gaining most of the research and development work
going into creating biotechnology for plants, he found.
Eco-myth
and agricultural reality
December 9, 2003
BioScience News and Advocate
Guest Editorial
Thomas R.DeGregori
http://www.bioscinews.com/files/news-detail.asp?NewsID=5570
Modern agriculture has become a villain of choice for many who reject modernity
finding the trends of the last half of the 20th and beginnings of the 21st
century to be ecologically destructive if not life threatening. It is
increasingly being used as an all encompassing category by critics of
globalization and transgenic (genetically modified) food crops and by street
protestors and their mentors and organizers.
The phobias about transgenic crops have their antecedents in the persistent
mythologies about the Green Revolution technologies in which no amount of
cumulating evidence can in any way overcome mindless opposition to it. The
litany of those critical of Green Revolution is that the HYV (high yielding
varieties) seeds "require" more fertilizer, water and pesticides when
in fact they outperform the traditional varieties at most any level of inputs.
These three factoids is all that most of the believers know about the Green
Revolution in addition to the fear that modern monoculture is a global
catastrophe waiting to happen from an as yet non-existent pathogen.
Unfortunately for the true believers, each of these beliefs is not only wrong,
they are exactly contrary to what can be factually demonstrated to be the case.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), modern rice varieties
are three times as efficient in using water compared with traditional varieties.
In other words, we are using today about the same amount of water to grow almost
three times as much rice than in 1960. Overall, The FAO estimates are that
"water needs for food per capita halved between 1961 and 2001."
Higher yields "require" more fertilizer as the more nutrient that is
extracted from the soil, the more that has to be replaced. Nobel Prizewinner,
Dr. Norman Borlaug states that "the high-yielding dwarf wheat and rice
varieties ... not only respond to much heavier dosages of fertilizer than the
old ones but are also much more efficient in their use" with each kilo of
nitrogen applied yielding about 2 1/2 times as much grain than in traditional
varieties.
The Green Revolution seeds turn out to be more disease resistant requiring less
pesticides as plant breeders have added multiple or polygenic disease resistant
genes - gene stacking from new sources using genes that provide different forms
of resistance. The stability of modern varieties is demonstrated by the steady
decrease in the coefficient of variation for rice production for the last forty
years. For wheat, researchers at the International Maize & Wheat Improvement
Centre (CIMMYT) have found that "yield stability, resistance to rusts,
pedigree complexity, and the number of modern cultivars in farmers' fields have
all increased since the early years of the Green Revolution."
Central to the anti-modern agronomy mythology is the belief that the Green
Revolution technologies have led to a vast increase in monocropping, worsened
the nutritional quality of the human diet and fostered a mentality that has been
pejoratively called "monocultures of the mind." Rice has had an
association with monoculture long before the Green Revolution.
It might therefore come as a surprise to many that researchers at the
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) found the percentage of total crop
harvested area in rice (defined as hectares under rice multiplied by the number
of croppings per year) has fallen "in nearly all Asian rice growing
economies since 1970." For example, rice in China went from a 0.24 share of
total crop area harvested in 1970 to 0.18 in 2001 while Vietnam went from a 0.75
to a 0.62 share in 2001 in the same period in becoming the second largest rice
exporter in the world to Thailand which went from0.64 share to 0.57 share.
True believers always have a fall back position allowing them to protect their
anti-modern beliefs. With the possible exception of Vandana Shiva, no one today
can deny the higher yields from the Green Revolution crops. To the argument that
these higher yields allowed more land to be preserved for conservation and
biodiversity, there is a deafening silence. Yes, the Green Revolution produced
more output but contrary to all evidence of increased height (a very good proxy
for health from generation to generation), health and life expectancy, it is
being claimed that the modern varieties are less nutritious. One activist
generalizes the nutritional attack against the Green Revolution by claiming
that: "Two billion people now have diets less diverse than 30 years ago.
The Green Revolution stripped out the micro nutrients and encouraged
monocropping."
For those of us seeking to advance and continue to improve modern agriculture,
there is good news and bad news in the foregoing. The bad news is that no matter
how successful we may be, there will always be some who will find ways of being
in denial. The good news is that in spite of the steady drumbeat of
misinformation, the Green Revolution has taken hold and succeeded. We must be
ever vigilant to make sure that the same is true for the biotech revolution
Thomas R.DeGregori, Professor of Economics, University of Houston and author of
the just published, Origins of the Organic Agriculture Debate. Ames IA:Iowa
State Press: A Blackwell Scientific Publisher.
Biotech
crops provide economic benefits
December 12, 2003
Crop Biotech Update
www.isaaa.org/kc
Plant biotechnology is creating high-paying jobs and economic value and will
deliver even more value for both farmers and other stakeholders in the agrifood
chain. This was the conclusion of a study by C. Ford Runge, a professor at the
University of Minnesota and director of the Center for International Food and
Agricultural Policy.
According to the Council for Biotechnology Information, the study entitled
"The Economic States and Performance of Plant Biotechnology in 2003:
Adoption, Research and Development in the United States," is an up-to-date
effort to provide a detailed view of biotechnology's value at the farm level and
beyond the farm gate.
The U.S. Corn Belt and cotton-growing regions gained the most economic value
from planting biotech crops in 2002, led by Iowa ($3.8 billion), Illinois ($2.5
billion), Minnesota ($2.2 billion), Nebraska ($1.8 billion), Indiana ($1.3
billion) and South Dakota ($1 billion).
Runge noted that aside from the more than $20 billion in biotech crops grown in
2002, new plant biotech firms and research facilities are being created
throughout the US. The number of agricultural and food scientists were also
found to be increasing and that more states are reaping the benefits of this
investment and job-related activities.
The study is available online at http://www.apec.umn.edu/faculty/frunge/p
lantbiotech.pdf.
Postcard
from Japan
December 11, 2003
Canola Ink Vol. 27
Japanese delegates to this year's Japan-Canada Consultations predict imports of
Canadian canola will reach approximately 1.6 million tonnes this year. The
remaining 0.4-0.5 million tonnes will come from Australia, reports Barb Isman,
Canola Council President.
During the Consultations, which took place this week in Tokyo, Japan,
Japanese delegates raised concerns about the quality of the 2003 canola
crop, and also discussed impending changes in Japanese regulations regarding
pesticide residues in food products and treatment of genetically modified (GM)
crops now that Japan has ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
The major concern regarding this year's crop is the drop in iodine value (IV)
from 114 to 110 in shipments to date. Delegates say IV is of particular
importance to mayonnaise manufacturers because canola with lower IV tendsto
separate. The Japanese also believe they have identified a general trend toward
lower IV content that started in 1993. The Canadian delegation was able to
identify the cause of this year's decline as weather-related, buta longer term
trend and its causes will require further investigation, says Isman.
Meanwhile, maximum residue limits for chemicals used on Canadian canola will
require some minor changes to harmonize with Japanese limits. New Japanese food
safety laws will see more frequent testing of more types of chemical residues.
If residues are found to exceed maximum allowable levels, a series of penalties
will follow. Historically, there have been no problems with residues in Canadian
canola.
Japan is also working its way through regulations to support ratification of the
Biosafety Protocol, which comes into force in Japan in February 2004. Japanese
delegates currently believe that no documentation will be required for canola
(or other commodities) shipments that contain approved GM events. This differs
from the Canadian industry's understanding of the Protocol, says Isman. The
Japanese industry has agreed to do more research and hopefully it will have a
firm answer by February, she adds.
Snapshot
of U.S. consumers to help shape canola oil campaign
December 11, 2003
Canola Ink Vol. 27
A group of 16 typical, grocery-buying consumers in St. Louis, Missouri will help
shape the direction of the Canadian canola industry's U.S. canola oil promotion.
Lisa Campbell, Program Manager, Canola Utilization listened inon two focus
groups organized by U.S. public relations firm Fleishman Hillard December 9.
Each group included eight women, aged 25-54 identified as primary grocery
shoppers. One group considers themselves very health conscious.
A few of the things Campbell observed:
- Almost half of the 16 consumers say they routinely use canola oil.
- Those who do use canola oil say they recognize its healthy properties, they
like the lower cost compared to olive oil, and they appreciate that it adds no
taste to prepared food.
- All of the consumers say they are interested in canola oil as a source of
omega-3 fatty acids, and they don't want to have to eat fish to get omega-3's.
- The health-conscious group says they believe olive oil is the healthiest oil,
but they mentioned canola and peanut oil as other healthy oils.
Not one person mentioned GM foods, and there was a general lack of knowledge
about trans fats, says Campbell. These focus groups should be considered
snapshots rather than statistical representations, she adds.
Plum
pox, natural spread - Turkey (Ankara)
December 11, 2003
ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
Source: J. Phytopathology, Vol. 151, 2003 [edited]
Natural Spread of Plum Pox Virus in Ankara, Turkey
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) has a limited distribution in Turkey, but is not a
serious problem for stone fruit production. However, it is widespread in
apricot, plum and peach trees in the Ankara region, where its natural spread was
studied between 1995 and 2002 in 10 home gardens planted with apricot, plum and
peach trees.
Virus presence was determined by visual observation of symptoms in leaves and
fruits and by DAS-ELISA; strains were identified by double antibody sandwich
indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA) and immunocapture
reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) tests.
Within 8 years, PPV incidence in the gardens near to, and 0.5 km from an
infection source was 85.7-100 and 25-29.4 percent, respectively. This difference
in incidence was attributed to the distance from the infection source. All PPV
isolates were identified as PPV-M. Sharka disease was likely introduced to
healthy gardens by mealy plum aphids (_Hyalopterus pruni_), the only vector of
PPV found in Ankara.
This is the first report of PPV spread in Turkey.
[In Europe PPV causes the most serious disease of stone fruits. The disease
appeared in North America in the fall of 1999 in Pennsylvania and in Ontario in
June 2000. The disease is very difficult to manage. Management strategies
include prevention of spread to virus-free areas, eradication of infected trees,
decreasing spread by aphids, and breeding for virus resistance.
References:
PANUPS:
Action Alert: Workers Poisoned in Colombia
December 11, 2003
Pesticide Action Network Updates Service
www.panna.org
On November 25, 2003, approximately 200 Colombian flower workers were poisoned
at Flores Aposentos north of Bogot·. The workers, primarily women, were taken
by ambulance from the worksite in SopÛ to five surrounding hospitals, all with
symptoms consistent with pesticide poisoning. Untraflores, a Colombian labor
organization, reports that some workers were ill for days, and has called on
people to contact Colombian officials asking for more information on the causes
of the poisoning, and improved worker protections.
The affected workers experienced symptoms such as strong headaches, nausea,
swelling, rashes, diarrhea, and sores inside and around the mouth shortly after
arriving to work. Untraflores reported that the company did not seek medical
help for the workers until later in the morning, when dozens of workers began
fainting. Twenty ambulances carried workers to a hospital in SopÛ, as well as
hospitals in three surrounding towns and a clinic in Bogot·.
A childcare facility near the Flores Aposentos facility was also evacuated.
Approximately sixty children were waiting to be picked up by their parents in
front of the center as the Flores Aposentos workers were carried away in
ambulances.
The pesticide involved in the poisoning has not been disclosed. Colombian news
sources speculated on the causes of the accident, which remain unexplained.
Untraflores reported a large pesticide application had taken place the evening
before and speculated that the morning sun may have caused chemicals to
volatilize. Workers say the company called workers back to work later in the day
on November 25, despite a strong chemical smell in the greenhouses.
Within days of the poisoning, Colombian health officials announced an
investigation. Untraflores has asked people to contact Colombian officials,
asking for public information on the chemicals involved and the long-term
consequences to the workers. PANNA has joined the International Labor Rights
Fund to circulate the Untraflores appeal.
Workers are especially vulnerable to pesticide poisoning in enclosed greenhouses
where multiple exposures through inhalation, skin and eyes are more likely to
occur. Flower production, within and outside of greenhouses is done intensively,
with relatively large amounts of pesticides at different stages of production
and in preparation for shipment. One study of Costa Rican fern and flower farms
reported over 50% of respondents experiencing at least one symptom of pesticide
exposure--headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, skin eruptions, or fainting.
Floriculture uses many insecticides, including organophosphate insecticides
designed to interfere with nerve function.
Studies have reported elevated risks of Parkinson's among horticultural
workers, one study of greenhouse workers reported nearly 60% manifesting
nervous system symptoms, including headaches, dizziness, hand trembling and
blurred vision. Reproductive problems have also been noted, including a study in
Colombia reporting female floriculture workers with reduced ability to become
pregnant, and sperm concentrations 40% lower in males working more than ten
years in floriculture.
The company involved in the Colombian poisoning has also been criticized by
labor groups for underpaying workers. Flores Aposentos uses a system known as
the "little school" in which they pay new workers a reduced salary for
the first month (less than 100,000 pesos, or US $37) with the explanation that
workers are gaining skills. At month's end, the company selects only a few
workers to continue, taking advantage of thousands of workers each year.
To contact Colombian health officials via fax:
Health Minister: Ministerio de la ProtecciÛn Social
Cra. 13 #32-76 Bogot· D.C., Colombia
Fax: 011 571 336 0182
Please also send a copy to Untraflores via email (untraflorescol@hotmail.com) or
via general mail to: Cra. 2 N? 6 A 25, Barrio Cartagenita, Facatativa, Colombia.
A sample letter and more information are available on the International Labor
Rights Fund website: http://www.laborrights.org/
Note: PANNA recently launched an Online Diagnostic Tool to assist health care
providers in the diagnosis and identification of pesticide related illness. We
believe it can be a valuable part of a first response to pesticide poisoning
incidents. Visit our database site at http://www.pesticideinfo.org to see the
Online Diagnostic Tool.
Sources: Ultraflores, Dec. 3, 2003, Demand an investigation of the poisoning
of hundreds of flower workers in Colombia,
http://www.untraflores.netfirms.com; El Tiempo, Nov 22, 2003,
http://eltiempo.terra.com.co/naci/cund/2003-11-22/ARTICULO-WEB-_NOTA_INTERIOR-
1433436.html; PANUPS, Floriculture: Pesticides, Worker Health & Codes of
Conduct, June 12, 2002,
http://www.panna.org/resources/panups/panup_20020612.dv.html; "The Bloom on
the Rose, Looking Into the Floriculture Industry", Focus, Environmental
Health Perspectives, Journal of the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, May 2002, Vol. 110, #5.
EPA
announces preliminary risk assessment for creosote
December 10, 2003
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/cb/csb_page/updates/creosote.htm
EPA is releasing for public comment its preliminary assessment regarding the
potential risks associated with creosote. The assessment includes an evaluation
of the potential risks to handlers and post-application workers from exposure to
creosote. Creosote is a possible human carcinogen and is used primarily on
utility poles and railroad ties. It is important to note that since this draft
risk assessment is in the public review and comment phase, its findings are
preliminary in nature and are subject to additional analysis. It is, therefore,
premature for EPA to reach conclusions about the potential for creosote-treated
wood products to contribute to health risks in workers and handlers of this
wood. EPA must receive comments, identified by Docket Number OPP-2003-0248, by
February 3, 2004. The full preliminary assessment is available for public
inspection in EPA’s docket. The Federal Register Notice can be found at
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2003/December/Day-05/p30270.htm.
Pesticide
Program Dialogue Committee notice of charter renewal
December 12, 2003
[Federal Register: (Volume 68, Number 239)]
[Page 69398-69399]
[DOCID:fr12de03-55]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [OPP-2003-0383; FRL-7337-2]
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice.
SUMMARY: As required by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, EPA's Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP) is giving notice of the renewal of the Pesticide
Program Dialogue Committee (PPDC) and its Charter. DATES: The PPDC Charter,
which was filed with Congress on November 7, 2003, will be in effect for 2
years, until November 7, 2005.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Margie Fehrenbach, Designated Federal
Officer for PPDC, Office of Pesticide Programs, 7501C, Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460;
telephone number: 703-308-4775; fax number: 703-308-4776; e-mail address:
Fehrenbach.Margie@epa.gov.
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